Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The number of different 8-mer sequences of DNA needs to be determined, where there are 16 possible dinucleotides and 64 possible trinucleotides and each position can be one of the four bases, corresponding to two bits of information.
Introduction:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule consisting of two strands that twist around each other to create a double strand containing DNA directions for the development, working, growth and breeding of all recognized species and many bacteria. Also recognized as polynucleotides, the two DNA sections consist of simpler monomeric blocks called nucleotides.
(b)
Interpretation:
The number of bits of information that are stored in an 8-mer DNA sequence, in E.coli genome and in human genome needs to be determined.
Introduction:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule consisting of two strands that twist around each other to create a double strand containing DNA directions for the development, working, growth and breeding of all recognized species and many bacteria. Also recognized as polynucleotides, the two DNA sections consist of simpler monomeric blocks called nucleotides.
(c)
Interpretation:
The calculated values in part (b) needs to be compared with the information stored on a 2 gigabyte flash drive.
Introduction:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule consisting of two strands that twist around each other to create a double strand containing DNA directions for the development, working, growth and breeding of all recognized species and many bacteria. Also recognized as polynucleotides, the two DNA sections consist of simpler monomeric blocks called nucleotides.
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BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF)-W/ACCESS
- The following is diagram of a generalized tetranucleotide. Carbons exist at corners on the shapes and phosphate groups are filled circles A. Suppose that one of the precursors for the tetranucleotide in the diagram was a 32P-labeled guanine nucleoside triphosphate (the innermost phosphate containing the radioactive phosphorus). Where is the radioactive phosphorus atom (i.e., one of the solid black balls) as it exists in the tetranucleotide B. If spleen diesterase (which induces breaks between the phosphate and the 5’ carbon) is used to digest the pictured tetranucleotide, state which base(s) among the breakdown products will be expected to be attached to the 32P.arrow_forward5’ - A T G G C C C A A C T G A C C - 3’ a. How many nucleotides are listed here b. How many codons are listed here c. What are the three structural components of one nucleotide D.Write the appropriate sequence for the complementary strand above or below the sequence shown. Be sure to include which end of the complementary strand is 5’ and which end is 3 E.If the above sequence is the coding strand, write the RNA strand that will be transcribedarrow_forwardDrawing of DNA Structure Next, draw the structure of your double-stranded DNA molecule with circles representing the beads you used. Label each circle with the color bead: W for white, R for red, Y for yellow, O for orange, B for blue, and G for green. Also include the hydrogen bond barbells. a. Draw your double-stranded DNA structure here:arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the structure of DNA and RNA. Be sure to describe each of the three components of a nucleotide for both DNA and RNA along with the types of bonds formed between the components. In addition, explain: how the nucleotides link together to form each molecule, why the prime ends are labeled 5’ and 3’, what antiparallel is, what phospodiester linkages are and what complementary base pairing is.arrow_forwardRead it carefully.. Draw only correct diagrams.. In the Watson-Crick DNA base pairing model, Adenine (A) binds to thymine (T), guanine (G) binds to cytosine (C). 1. Draw the structures of thymine and adenine stabilized by Watson-Crick base pair interaction. 2. Also draw the structure of the amide group of glutamine in an interaction of this T-A pair in a way that maximally satisfies the hydrogen bonding capacity of amide.arrow_forwardComposition as a mole fraction of one of a double-stranded DNA strand T = 0.22 and C = 0.30. In the light of this information, the following values are Calculate as a fraction. If the given information is used to calculate the desired value, If it is not sufficient, indicate the result as X.arrow_forward
- Using Fig. as a guide, draw the complete structure of a nucleoside triphosphate before and after it becomes incorporated into a polynucleotide chain. Draw the structure that would result if the newly formed phosphodiester bond were hydrolyzed.arrow_forwardTrue or False. In a comparison between the DNAs of related organisms such as humans and mice, conserved sequences represent functionally important exons and regulatory regions, and non-conserved sequences generally represent noncoding DNA. Explain your answer in 2-3 sentences.arrow_forwarda. Write the structural formula of GAC, a portion of DNA. Write the complementary strand adjacent to it so that the complementary bases are side by side. Connect the appropriate base pairs. b. Sticking to the convention of writing the nucleotide sequence in the 5'-3' direction, what is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand complementary to ATGCACCATGCT?arrow_forward
- Please help me solve this problem. I am really having a hard time understanding this lesson. Please help. Kindly provide all the necessary information to this problem. Thank you! Please answer numbers 1-5 determine what amino acid will be formed from the given DNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T G C C 5’ Note: Prepare the partner strand of this DNA. Discuss how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain. 1. Partner DNA strand 2. the mRNA strand 3. The tRNA 4. the formed amino acids 5. the discussion of the entire procedurearrow_forwardCodon-Anticodon Recognition: Base-Pairing Possibilities (Integrates with Chapter 11.) Draw base-pair structures for (a) a G:C base pair. (b) a C:G base pair. (C) a G:U base pair, and (d) a U:G base pair. Note how these various base pairs differ in the potential hydrogen-bonding patterns they present within the major groove and minor groove of a double-helical nucleic acid.arrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSE] 11. The structure of the DNA, being super coiled, promotes increased viscosity of the molecule.12. The stacking position of the nitrogenous bases is caused by intramolecular Van der Waals Interaction.13. The histone complex is a quaternary protein structure.14. The difference between ribose and deoxyribose is in the presence of oxygen in carbon number 3 of the sugar moiety.15. The sedimentation coefficient of the nucleic acid is higher compared to ribosomes.arrow_forward
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