The transition state for the rate-limiting step of each of the given reactions. Interpretation: The transition state for the rate limiting step for each of the given reactions is to drawn. Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The transition state for the rate-limiting step of each of the given reactions.

Interpretation: The transition state for the rate limiting step for each of the given reactions is to drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane.

Interpretation: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other.

Interpretation: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The rate of the reaction changes when a normal atom is replaced with its isotope. The atomic mass of isotope is higher than that of a normal atom.

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true or false 1. The rate of a reaction is independent of temperature.2. Slow reactions can be speeded up by raising the temperature.3. Reaction rates increase with increasing temperature.4. Solid catalysts do not affect reaction rates.5. Reactions involving very unstable combinations of chemicals have large rate constants.

7. What are the assumptions made when using the Arrhenius equation to describe the effect of temperature on the transformation rate of a given compound? What is the range of activation energies typically observed for transformation reactions of organic compounds in the environment?

Which of the following two reactions would you predict to go faster and why?.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The transition state for the rate-limiting step of each of the given reactions.

Interpretation: The transition state for the rate limiting step for each of the given reactions is to drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane.

Interpretation: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other.

Interpretation: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The rate of the reaction changes when a normal atom is replaced with its isotope. The atomic mass of isotope is higher than that of a normal atom.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The transition state for the rate-limiting step of each of the given reactions.

Interpretation: The transition state for the rate limiting step for each of the given reactions is to drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane.

Interpretation: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other.

Interpretation: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The rate of the reaction changes when a normal atom is replaced with its isotope. The atomic mass of isotope is higher than that of a normal atom.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The transition state for the rate-limiting step of each of the given reactions.

Interpretation: The transition state for the rate limiting step for each of the given reactions is to drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane.

Interpretation: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other.

Interpretation: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The rate of the reaction changes when a normal atom is replaced with its isotope. The atomic mass of isotope is higher than that of a normal atom.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The transition state for the rate-limiting step of each of the given reactions.

Interpretation: The transition state for the rate limiting step for each of the given reactions is to drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane.

Interpretation: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other.

Interpretation: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The rate of the reaction changes when a normal atom is replaced with its isotope. The atomic mass of isotope is higher than that of a normal atom.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The transition state for the rate-limiting step of each of the given reactions.

Interpretation: The transition state for the rate limiting step for each of the given reactions is to drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.57SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The transition state for the rate-limiting step of each of the given reactions.

Interpretation: The transition state for the rate limiting step for each of the given reactions is to drawn.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane.

Interpretation: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane.

Interpretation: The relative rates of abstraction per hydrogen and deuterium in the chlorination of deuterioethane is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other.

Interpretation: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The rate of the reaction changes when a normal atom is replaced with its isotope. The atomic mass of isotope is higher than that of a normal atom.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other.

Interpretation: The reason as to why one of the reactions has much larger isotope effect than the other is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The rate of the reaction changes when a normal atom is replaced with its isotope. The atomic mass of isotope is higher than that of a normal atom.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 4.3A - Draw Lewis structures for the following free...Ch. 4.3B - a. Write the propagation steps leading to the...Ch. 4.3C - Prob. 4.3P Ch. 4.3C - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4.4 - The following reaction has a value of G =...Ch. 4.4 - Under base-catalyzed conditions two molecules of...Ch. 4.5B - When ethene is mixed with hydrogen in the presence...Ch. 4.5B - For each reaction, estimate whether S for the...Ch. 4.7 - a. Propose a mechanism for the free radical...Ch. 4.7 - a. Using bond-dissociation enthalpies from...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the transition state for the rate-limiting step of each of the given reactions is to be drawn.

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