Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 42, Problem 10TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Nerves relay messages from the sensory organs to the central nervous system and back forming a network. The messages are carried by the nerves in the form of electrical signals. The electrical signal passes to the next cell at a junction called a synapse. The presynaptic cell sends the signal and the postsynaptic cell receives it.
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In the hippocampus, when glutatmate is released into the synaptic cleft, but the postsynaptic cell is NOT depolarized, there is only a small postsynaptic response. Why is this the case?
A.
Ca++ ions block the NMDA ion channel
B.
Mg++ ions block the NMDA ion channel
C.
Glutamate is an inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter
D.
There are no NMDA receptors on the postsynaptic cell
Which of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse?
a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop
b) Calcium channels have no role in this process
c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization
d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement
e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft
Which one of these is an example of an excitatory postynaptic potential in a typical neuron?
a) A voltage change from -70mV to -70.5mV
b) A voltage change from +35mV to 0MV
c) A voltage change from 0mV to +0.35mV
d) A voltage change from -69.5mV to -70mV
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - What key prior observation led Loewi to develop...Ch. 42.4 - CoreSKILL The results of Loewis experiment...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 42 - Prob. 1TY
Ch. 42 - Prob. 2TYCh. 42 - The myelin sheath a. is produced by neurons in the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 4TYCh. 42 - Prob. 5TYCh. 42 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 7TYCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYCh. 42 - Prob. 9TYCh. 42 - Prob. 10TYCh. 42 - Prob. 1CQCh. 42 - Prob. 2CQCh. 42 - Prob. 3CQCh. 42 - Describe the difference between an electrical...Ch. 42 - Prob. 2COQ
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- In which of these ways does a metabotropic synapse differ from an ionotropic synapse? a. Its effects are slower to start and last longer. b. Its effects are faster to start and last longer. c. Its effects are slower to start and briefer in duration. d. Its effects are faster to start and briefer in duration.arrow_forwardA neuron may receive signals from thousands of synaptic terminals. What determines whether the receiving neuron will respond by transmitting a signal? a. the concentration of transmitter inside the receiving neuron b. the summation of excitatory and inhibitory signals received c. the number of glial cells contact the receiving neuronarrow_forwardWhat determines the effect of neurotransmitter release on the post-synaptic neurons? a. the size of the action potential. b. the post-synaptic receptors c. the neurotransmitter contained in the synaptic vesicles. d. the concentration of calcium ions reached in presynaptic terminals. e. the size of the synaptic vesicles.arrow_forward
- Suppose you want to cause the presynaptic terminal of an axon to release its transmitter. How could you do so without an action potential?A. Decrease the temperature at the synapse.B. Use an electrode to produce IPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron.C. Inject water into the presynaptic terminal.D. Inject calcium into the presynaptic terminal.arrow_forwardIf you increase the amount of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft, how would you expect the post-synaptic potential (PSP) to change? a) The PSP would be stronger b) The PSP would change from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing c) The PSP would not changearrow_forwardA patch-clamp device is used to a. Study the properties of individual neurotransmitters b. Study the properties of individual membrane channels c. Measure the strength of an electrochemical gradient d. Infuse different kinds of ions into an axonarrow_forward
- The release of a neurotransmitter from a terminal button produces an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) in the postsynaptic neuron. What is the most likely mechanism by which this occurs? A. the neurotransmitter opens chemically activated chloride channels B. the neurotransmitter activates a second messenger which then opens calcium channels C. the neurotransmitter is glutamate D. the neurotransmitter acts on a G-protein linked receptor which opens sodium channelsarrow_forwardIn an experiment you place a neuron and its synaptic contacts into a medium containing no calcium ions. You stimulate the neuron causing an action potential to propagate down the axon into the axon terminal of the neuron. 3.) What is the most likely result of this experimental manipulation? A. Prolong the refractory period of the action potential B. Decrease the time required to move sodium ions out of the axon terminal C. Prevent neurotransmitter from binding to receptors on postsynaptic cells D. Enhance the voltage changes associated with the action potential E. Prevent release of neurotransmitter into the synapsearrow_forwardThe process of myelination results in an increase in white matter. Myelination happens for all brain regions. Because of increases in myelination A) At the same time; neural signals can travel through the brain faster B) At different times; neural signals can travel through the brain faster C) At different times; neurogenesis is improved D) At the same time; neurogenesis is improvedarrow_forward
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