Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 42, Problem 8TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The axon is a part of the neuron. It is the elongated fiber protruding out of the cell body in the neuron. The axon is involved in sending signals to the other neurons. It is covered or surrounded by the myelin sheath.
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Most human axons have a myelin sheath that_____ . a. prevents action potentials from moving backward b. increases the speed of action potential conduction c. consists of specialized interneurons d. increases the size of action potentials
The process of myelination results in an increase in white matter. Myelination happens for all brain regions. Because of increases in myelination
A) At the same time; neural signals can travel through the brain faster
B) At different times; neural signals can travel through the brain faster
C) At different times; neurogenesis is improved
D) At the same time; neurogenesis is improved
The two primary factors that influence the speed of an action potential propagation are axon diameter and a. myelination. b. the type of associated glial cell(s). c. concentration of K+ in the cell. d. the length of the axon.
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - What key prior observation led Loewi to develop...Ch. 42.4 - CoreSKILL The results of Loewis experiment...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 42 - Prob. 1TY
Ch. 42 - Prob. 2TYCh. 42 - The myelin sheath a. is produced by neurons in the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 4TYCh. 42 - Prob. 5TYCh. 42 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 7TYCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYCh. 42 - Prob. 9TYCh. 42 - Prob. 10TYCh. 42 - Prob. 1CQCh. 42 - Prob. 2CQCh. 42 - Prob. 3CQCh. 42 - Describe the difference between an electrical...Ch. 42 - Prob. 2COQ
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- The transmission of action potentials down a myelinated axon is faster but "saltatory" because of which of the following? A. the passive transmission of action potentials is faster but degrades the action potential B. voltage-gated sodium channels are only found in the Nodes of Ranvier C. active transmission of action potentials does not degrade the action potential but is slow D. A and C are correct E. all of the above are correctarrow_forwardWhich of the following would increase the speed of a nerve impulse along an axon?A. Decreasing the spacing between the nodes of the axonB. Decreasing the resistance between nodesC. Decreasing the thickness of the myelin sheathD. Increasing the resting potential of the axonarrow_forwardA neuron may receive signals from thousands of synaptic terminals. What determines whether the receiving neuron will respond by transmitting a signal? a. the concentration of transmitter inside the receiving neuron b. the summation of excitatory and inhibitory signals received c. the number of glial cells contact the receiving neuronarrow_forward
- When the action potential begins, Na+ gates open, allowing Na+ to cross the membrane. The charge difference across the axon membrane changes to a.negative outside and positive inside. b.positive outside and negative inside. c.neutral outside and positive inside. d.There is no difference in charge between outside and inside.arrow_forwardThe region where an axon connects to its own cell body is called the A. soma B. hillock region C. Node of Esprere D. myelin sheatharrow_forwardA patch-clamp device is used to a. Study the properties of individual neurotransmitters b. Study the properties of individual membrane channels c. Measure the strength of an electrochemical gradient d. Infuse different kinds of ions into an axonarrow_forward
- How do neurotransmitters directly affect the postsynaptic neuron? A)They cause a change in the electrical potential, exciting the neuron and causing it to fire b)They cause a change in the electrical potential, either exciting or inhibiting the next neuron. C)They cause a change in the electrical potential, inhibiting the neuron and stopping it from fi d)They connect with the appropriate receptor on the postsynaptic neuronarrow_forwardCompared to sparrows, neurons in larger dinosaurs would probably have ______________ myelin and be ____________ than sparrow neurons. A) less, wider B) less, narrower C) more, wider D) more, narrowerarrow_forwardThe made-up drug leakyhose degrades myelin resulting in myelin becoming more porous and therefore a poor insulator. 2.) Which of the following would NOT be an effect of leakyhose? A. Propagation of the action potential would likely slow B. The action potential may degrade because it can’t properly be regenerated C. The action potential would not propagate but would rather reverse directions D. Saltatory conduction may be disrupted E. All of the above effects are consistent with the administration of leakyhosearrow_forward
- Why are action potentials usually conducted in one direction?(A) Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction.(B) The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltagegated Na+channels.(C) The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential thanthe terminals of the axon.(D) Voltage-gated channels for both Na+and K+open in onlyone direction.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse? a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop b) Calcium channels have no role in this process c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleftarrow_forwardI. These forms the specialized junctions called synapse. A. Cell body B. Glial cells C. Synaptic terminal D. Neurotransmitters II. These are the gaps in the myelin sheath which is the site where signals are recharged as they travel down the axon. A. Neurotransmitters B. Axon hillock C. Dendrites D. Nodes of Ranvier III. These neurons form the local circuits that connect neurons in the brain A. Interneurons B. Axon hillock C. Dendrites D. Somaarrow_forward
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