Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 42.3, Problem 2CS
Summary Introduction
To sketch: The graph showing a change in the potential of a neuron when it simultaneously receives a strong depolarizing and equally strong hyperpolarizing stimulus or a strong depolarizing and a weak hyperpolarizing stimulus.
Introduction: Nerves carry the messages from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs. The messages are carried by the nerves in the form of electrical impulses. The signals that reach the cell body stimulate the neuron to generate its own signal in the form of the action potential and relay it to the next neuron or the effector organs. Na+ and K+ play a significant role in the development of the action potential across the membrane.
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If the resting membrane potential is -65, give the direction of the flow of Na+, Ca++, K+, and Cl- ion?
Na and Cl flows inside, K and Ca flows outside
K and Ca flows inside, Na and Cl flows outside
Na and K flows inside, Ca and Cl flows outside
Na and Ca flows inside, K and Cl flows outside
WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some cultures topoison hunting arrows, disables the sodium-potassium pump.What change in the resting potential would you expect to seeif you treated a neuron with ouabain? Explain.
MAKE CONNECTIONS What effect would you expect if you depolarizedthe neurons in the VTA (see Concept 48.3)? Explain.
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - What key prior observation led Loewi to develop...Ch. 42.4 - CoreSKILL The results of Loewis experiment...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 42 - Prob. 1TY
Ch. 42 - Prob. 2TYCh. 42 - The myelin sheath a. is produced by neurons in the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 4TYCh. 42 - Prob. 5TYCh. 42 - Which of the following contribute(s) to the...Ch. 42 - Prob. 7TYCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYCh. 42 - Prob. 9TYCh. 42 - Prob. 10TYCh. 42 - Prob. 1CQCh. 42 - Prob. 2CQCh. 42 - Prob. 3CQCh. 42 - Describe the difference between an electrical...Ch. 42 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Please asap. thanku Qs 3 If the K+ channels are blocked by TEA, which direction does the equilibrium potential for K+ move? And why?arrow_forwardWHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodiumchannels to remain inactivated longer after an actionpotential. How would this affect the frequency at whichaction potentials could be generated? Explain.arrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/summation) to learn about summation. The process of converting electrical signals to chemical signals and back requires subtle changes that can result in transient increases or decreases in membrane voltage. To cause a lasting change in the target cell, multiple signals are usually added together, or summated. Does spatial summation have to happen all at once, or can the separate signals arrive on the postsynaptic neuron at slightly different times? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Please ASAP. Thank you. If the Cl- concentration outside of cells is 10 mM and inside of cells is 10mM, what would the Cl- equilibrium potential be? When the membrane is at +10mV. The chloride flows in which direction?arrow_forwardPlease ASAP. Thank you Ion Extracellular Concentration (mM) Intracellular Concentration (mM) Na+ 440 50 K+ 20 400 Cl- 560 52 Ca++ 10 1 If the resting membrane potential is -65, give the direction of the flow of Na+, Ca++, K+, and Cl- ion? Na and Cl flows inside, K and Ca flows outside K and Ca flows inside, Na and Cl flows outside Na and K flows inside, Ca and Cl flows outside Na and Ca flows inside, K and Cl flows outsidearrow_forwardQ:1-How graded potential is generated at dendrites and cell body? (Area 1,2,3,4) Q:2-How those graded potential triggered as an action potential at trigger zone?(area 5) Q:3-How this action potential is propagated through the entire axolema (area 6) up to the axon terminal?arrow_forward
- 6. During repolarization, which channels are which channels are becoming inactive, and which are opening?___________________________________ ; ___________________________________.7. What pumps are responsible for restoring the concentration gradients of Na+ and K+ so that the neuron can once again generate an action potential? _______________________________________________8. Two kinds of conduction of an action potential (nerve impulse) are possible---continuous and saltatory. One form involves myelin sheaths and nodes of Ranvier, and is a faster conduction of the signal. Which type of conduction is this?___________________________________.9. What two factors determine how quickly an action potential will travel?___________________________________, ___________________________________.10. Neuron A sends an action potential to Neuron B. Which neuron (A or B) is the postsynaptic cell?___________________________________.11. Neuron B now sends the action potential on to Neuron C.…arrow_forwardQuestion:- On a neuron, where is it unlikely for voltage activated potassium channels, sodium channels or calcium channels to be found ? Or is it found everywhere?arrow_forwardWhat does a ligand-gated channel require in order to open? increase in concentration of Na+ ions binding of a neuro transmitter increase in concentration of K+ ions depolarization of the membranearrow_forward
- Please answer fast can we modulate motor function to treat human disease?arrow_forward25 Which of these statements best describes the process of refinement in motor cortex during motor learning? a. The number of active neurons does not change much in this region during learning b. Not many neurons are active at first, but this number increases as the skill becomes fully learned c. Many neurons are active at first, but this number decreases once skill is fully learned d. Many neurons are active at first and remain active through all stages of skill acquisitionarrow_forwardH8. describe the steps of a Local Potential, what channels open? what happens to the membrane potential?arrow_forward
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