An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Hi, could I get some help with this macro-connection physics problem involving isothermal expansion?
The set up is:
For an isothermal reversible expansion of two moles of an ideal gas, what is the entropy change of the a) gas and b) the surroundings in J/K to 4 digits of precision if the gas volume quadruples, assuming NA = 6.022e23 and kB = 1.38e-23 J/K?
Thank you.
In Debye Approximation the entropy at some temperature T (less than 10 K) is aT(Blank 1 ) /3
If the value of this entropy at T = 3.5 K is 1.55 J / K , then the value of the coefficient "a" is : ( Blank 2)
In this problem you are to consider an adiabaticexpansion of an ideal diatomic gas, which means that the gas expands with no addition or subtraction of heat.
Assume that the gas is initially at pressure p0, volume V0, and temperature T0. In addition, assume that the temperature of the gas is such that you can neglect vibrational degrees of freedom. Thus, the ratio of heat capacities is γ=Cp/CV=7/5.
Note that, unless explicitly stated, the variable γshould not appear in your answers--if needed use the fact that γ=7/5 for an ideal diatomic gas.
Find an analytic expression for p(V), the pressure as a function of volume, during the adiabatic expansion.
Express the pressure in terms of V and any or all of the given initial values p0, T0, and V0.
p(V) = __________
Chapter 5 Solutions
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 5.1 - Consider the production of ammonia from nitrogen...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 3PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 4PCh. 5.1 - Consider a fuel cell that uses methane (natural...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 6PCh. 5.1 - The metabolism of a glucose molecule (see previous...Ch. 5.1 - Derive the thermodynamic identity for G (equation...Ch. 5.1 - Sketch a qualitatively accurate graph of G vs. T...Ch. 5.1 - Suppose you have a mole of water at 25C and...
Ch. 5.1 - Suppose that a hydrogen fuel cell, as described in...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 12PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 13PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 14PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 15PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 16PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 17PCh. 5.2 - Prob. 18PCh. 5.2 - In the previous section 1 derived the formula...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 20PCh. 5.2 - Is heat capacity (C) extensive or intensive? What...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 22PCh. 5.2 - Prob. 23PCh. 5.3 - Go through the arithmetic to verify that diamond...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 25PCh. 5.3 - How can diamond ever be more stable than graphite,...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 27PCh. 5.3 - Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, has two common...Ch. 5.3 - Aluminum silicate, Al2SiO5, has three different...Ch. 5.3 - Sketch qualitatively accurate graphs of G vs. T...Ch. 5.3 - Sketch qualitatively accurate graphs of G vs. P...Ch. 5.3 - The density of ice is 917kg/m3. (a) Use the...Ch. 5.3 - An inventor proposes to make a heat engine using...Ch. 5.3 - Below 0.3 K the Slope of the 3He solid–liquid...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 35PCh. 5.3 - Effect of altitude on boiling water. (a) Use the...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 37PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 38PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 39PCh. 5.3 - The methods of this section can also be applied to...Ch. 5.3 - Suppose you have a liquid (say, water) in...Ch. 5.3 - Ordinarily, the partial pressure of water vapor in...Ch. 5.3 - Assume that the air you exhale is at 35C, with a...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 44PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 46PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 47PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 48PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 49PCh. 5.3 - The compression factor of a fluid is defined as...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 51PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 52PCh. 5.3 - Repeat the preceding problem for T/Tc=0.8.Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 54PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 55PCh. 5.4 - Prove that the entropy of mixing of an ideal...Ch. 5.4 - In this problem you will model the mixing energy...Ch. 5.4 - Suppose you cool a mixture of 50% nitrogen and 50%...Ch. 5.4 - Suppose you start with a liquid mixture of 60%...Ch. 5.4 - Suppose you need a tank of oxygen that is 95%...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 62PCh. 5.4 - Everything in this section assumes that the total...Ch. 5.4 - Figure 5.32 shows the phase diagram of plagioclase...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 65PCh. 5.4 - Prob. 66PCh. 5.4 - Prob. 67PCh. 5.4 - Plumbers solder is composed of 67% lead and 33%...Ch. 5.4 - What happens when you spread salt crystals over an...Ch. 5.4 - What happens when you add salt to the ice bath in...Ch. 5.4 - Figure 5.35 (left) shows the free energy curves at...Ch. 5.4 - Repeat the previous problem for the diagram in...Ch. 5.5 - If expression 5.68 is correct, it must be...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 74PCh. 5.5 - Compare expression 5.68 for the Gibbs free energy...Ch. 5.5 - Seawater has a salinity of 3.5%, meaning that if...Ch. 5.5 - Osmotic pressure measurements can be used to...Ch. 5.5 - Because osmotic pressures can be quite large, you...Ch. 5.5 - Most pasta recipes instruct you to add a teaspoon...Ch. 5.5 - Use the Clausius–Clapeyron relation to derive...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 81PCh. 5.5 - Use the result of the previous problem to...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 83PCh. 5.6 - Prob. 84PCh. 5.6 - Prob. 85PCh. 5.6 - Prob. 86PCh. 5.6 - Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, readily dissociates into H+...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 88PCh. 5.6 - Prob. 89PCh. 5.6 - When solid quartz dissolves in water, it combines...Ch. 5.6 - When carbon dioxide dissolves in water,...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 92P
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
1. An object is subject to two forces that do not point in opposite directions. Is it possible to choose their ...
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
The length of the longest recorded blue whale in meters.
Physics (5th Edition)
We discover a string of active volcanoes in the heavily cratered southern highlands.
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
1. (I) A 75.0-kg firefighter climbs a flight of stairs 28.0 m high. How much work does he do?
Physics: Principles with Applications
Newton’s Third Law Identity the action and reaction forces in the following situations: (a) Earth attracts the ...
University Physics Volume 1
32. Hearing rattles from a snake, you make two rapid displacements of magnitude 1.8 m and 2.4 m. In sketches (r...
College Physics (10th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In this problem you are to consider an adiabaticexpansion of an ideal diatomic gas, which means that the gas expands with no addition or subtraction of heat. Assume that the gas is initially at pressure p0, volume V0, and temperature T0. In addition, assume that the temperature of the gas is such that you can neglect vibrational degrees of freedom. Thus, the ratio of heat capacities is γ=Cp/CV=7/5. Note that, unless explicitly stated, the variable γshould not appear in your answers--if needed use the fact that γ=7/5 for an ideal diatomic gas. A) Find an analytic expression for p(V), the pressure as a function of volume, during the adiabatic expansion. Express the pressure in terms of V and any or all of the given initial values p0, T0, and V0. p(V) = __________ B) At the end of the adiabatic expansion, the gas fills a new volume V1, where V1>V0. Find W, the work done by the gas on the container during the expansion. Express the work in terms of p0, V0, and V1. Your…arrow_forwardExperimental measurements of the heat capacity of aluminum at low temperatures (below about 50 K) can be fit to the formula Cv = aT+bT3 ,where Cv is the heat capacity of one mole of aluminum, and the constants a and b are approximately a = 0.00135 J/K2 and b = 2.48 X 10-5 J/K4. From this data, find a formula for the entropy of a mole of aluminum as a function of temperature. Evaluate your formula at T = 1 K and at T = 10 K, expressing your answers both in conventional units (J/K) and as unitless numbers (dividing by Boltzmann's constant).arrow_forwardWhy is the entropy higher for a system with 5 particles with energy states >1 than for a system with 5 particles with energy states less than or equal to 1?arrow_forward
- By how much does the entropy of 1.0 kg of water change when heated from 263.15 K up to 283.15 K at a pressure of 1 bar? (The solution is 1.5 kJ/K)arrow_forwardCan you show that ∂U/∂P )T =0 J/Pa for a perfect gas? Hint: Start with ∂U = T ∂S − P ∂V. Quickly, you will come to a derivative of entropy; to get rid of it to answer the question, use a Maxwell relation.arrow_forwardShow that during the quasistatic isothermal expansion of a monatomic ideal gas, the change in entropy is related to the heat input Q by the simple formula. SΔ= Q/TIn the following chapter I'll prove that this formula is valid for any quasistatic process. Show, however, that it is not valid for the free expansion process described above.arrow_forward
- Prove that the entropy of mixing of an ideal mixture has aninfinite slope, when plotted vs. x, at x = 0 and x = l.arrow_forwardHow many possible arrangements are there for a deck of 52 palying cards? (for simplicity, consider only the order of the cards, not whether they are turned upside- down, etc.) Suppose you start with a sorted deck and shuffle it repeatedly, so that all arrangements become "accessible". How much entropy do you create in the process?arrow_forwardWhat can be said about the total entropy of the universe? Why is it true?arrow_forward
- On a day when the temperature is 18.6°C, a 0.150-kg baseball is dropped from the top of a 29.4-m tower. After the ball hits the ground, bounces a few times, and comes to rest, approximately how much has the entropy of the universe increased?arrow_forwardDoes the internal energy (U) of a perfect gas go up or down with increasing pressure under adiabatic, reversible conditions (i.e. at constant entropy)? Hint: you’re looking for ∂U/∂P)s . and under conditions of constant entropy, the transition must be adiabatic and reversible. As such: ∂U= CV ∂T, and ∂T/∂P )s = V/Cparrow_forwardWhen an aluminum bar is temporarily connected between a hot reservoir at 725 K and a cold reservoir at 310 K, 2.50 kJ of energy is transferred by heat from the hot reservoir to the cold reservoir. In this irreversible process, calculate the change in entropy of (a) the hot reservoir, (b) the cold reservoir, and (c) the Universe, neglecting any change in entropy of the aluminum rod. (d) Mathematically, why did the result for the Universe in part (c) have to be positive?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- An Introduction to Physical SciencePhysicsISBN:9781305079137Author:James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
An Introduction to Physical Science
Physics
ISBN:9781305079137
Author:James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY