Concept explainers
Concept introduction:
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) Analysis:
The Cost Volume Profit analysis is the analysis of the relation between cost, volume, and profit of a product. It analyzes the cost and profits at the different level of production, in order to determine the breakeven point and required the level of sales to earn the desired profit.
Contribution margin means the margin that is left with the company after recovering variable cost out of revenue earned by selling smart phones. The formula for contribution margin is as follows:
Contribution margin = Sales - Variable cost.
Similarly contribution margin ratio = Contribution/sales
Breakeven Point:
The Breakeven point is the level of sales at which the net profit is nil. It can be explained as a situation where the business is generating a sale that is equal to the expenses incurred and hence no
To prepare:
The Contribution Margin Income Statement
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Managerial Accounting - With Access
- Faldo Company produces a single product. The projected income statement for the coming year, based on sales of 200,000 units, is as follows: Required: 1. Compute the unit contribution margin and the units that must be sold to break even. Suppose that 30,000 units are sold above the break-even point. What is the profit? 2. Compute the contribution margin ratio and the break-even point in dollars. Suppose that revenues are 200,000 greater than expected. What would the total profit be? 3. Compute the margin of safety in sales revenue. 4. Compute the operating leverage. Compute the new profit level if sales are 20 percent higher than expected. 5. How many units must be sold to earn a profit equal to 10 percent of sales? 6. Assume the income tax rate is 40 percent. How many units must be sold to earn an after-tax profit of 180,000?arrow_forwardSchylar Pharmaceuticals, Inc., plans to sell 130,000 units of antibiotic at an average price of 22 each in the coming year. Total variable costs equal 1,086,800. Total fixed costs equal 8,000,000. (Round all ratios to four significant digits, and round all dollar amounts to the nearest dollar.) Required: 1. What is the contribution margin per unit? What is the contribution margin ratio? 2. Calculate the sales revenue needed to break even. 3. Calculate the sales revenue needed to achieve a target profit of 245,000. 4. What if the average price per unit increased to 23.50? Recalculate: a. Contribution margin per unit b. Contribution margin ratio (rounded to four decimal places) c. Sales revenue needed to break even d. Sales revenue needed to achieve a target profit of 245,000arrow_forwardContribution Margin Ratio, Break-Even Sales, Operating Leverage Elgart Company produces plastic mailboxes. The projected income statement for the coming year follows: Required: 1. Compute the contribution margin ratio for the mailboxes. 2. How much revenue must Elgart earn in order to break even? 3. What is the effect on the contribution margin ratio if the unit selling price and unit variable cost each increase by 15%? 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Suppose that management has decided to give a 4% commission on all sales. The projected income statement does not reflect this commission. Recompute the contribution margin ratio, assuming that the commission will be paid. What effect does this have on the break-even point? 5. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION If the commission is paid as described in Requirement 4, management expects sales revenues to increase by 80,000. How will this affect operating leverage? Is it a sound decision to implement the commission? Support your answer with appropriate computations.arrow_forward
- Morris Industries manufactures and sells three products (AA, BB, and CC). The sales price and unit variable cost for the three products are as follows: Their sales mix s reflected as a ratio of 5:3:2. Annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $25,000 per year. What are total variable costs for Morris with their current product mix? Calculate the number of units of each product that will need to be sold in order for Morris to break even. What is their break-even point in sales dollars? Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.arrow_forwardSales Needed to Earn Target Income Chillmax Company plans to sell 3,500 pairs of shoes at 60 each in the coming year. Variable cost is 35% of the sales price; contribution margin is 65% of the sales price. Total fixed cost equals 78,000 (includes fixed factory overhead and fixed selling and administrative expense). Required: 1. Calculate the sales revenue that Chillmax must make to earn operating income of 81,900 by using the point in sales equation. 2. Check your answer by preparing a contribution margin income statement based on the sales dollars calculated in Requirement 1.arrow_forwardMaple Enterprises sells a single product with a selling price of $75 and variable costs per unit of $30. The companys monthly fixed expenses are $22,500. What is the companys break-even point in units? What is the companys break-even point in dollars? Construct a contribution margin income statement for the month of September when they will sell 900 units. How many units will Maple need to sell in order to reach a target profit of $45,000? What dollar sales will Maple need in order to reach a target profit of $45,000? Construct a contribution margin income statement for Maple that reflects $150,000 in sales volume.arrow_forward
- Klamath Company produces a single product. The projected income statement for the coming year is as follows: Required: 1. Compute the unit contribution margin and the units that must be sold to break even. 2. Suppose 10,000 units are sold above break-even. What is the operating income? 3. Compute the contribution margin ratio. Use the contribution margin ratio to compute the break-even point in sales revenue. (Note: Round the contribution margin ratio to four decimal places, and round the sales revenue to the nearest dollar.) Suppose that revenues are 200,000 more than expected for the coming year. What would the total operating income be?arrow_forwardDelta Co. sells a product for $150 per unit. The variable cost per unit is $90 and fixed costs are $15,250. Delta Co.s tax rate is 36% and the company wants to earn $44,000 after taxes. What would be Deltas desired pre-tax income? What would be break-even point in units to reach the income goal of $44,000 after taxes? What would be break-even point in sales dollars to reach the income goal of $44000 after taxes? Create a contribution margin income statement to show that the break-even point calculated in B, generates the desired after-tax income.arrow_forwardAbilene Industries manufactures and sells three products (XX, W, and ZZ). The sales price and unit variable cost for the three products are as follows: Their sales mix is reflected as a ratio of 4:2:1. Annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $345.000 per year. What are total variable costs for Abilene with their current product mix? Calculate the number of units of each product that will need to be sold in order for Abilene to break even. What is their break-even point in sales dollars? Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.arrow_forward
- Gelbart Company manufactures gas grills. Fixed costs amount to 16,335,000 per year. Variable costs per gas grill are 225, and the average price per gas grill is 600. Required: 1. How many gas grills must Gelbart Company sell to break even? 2. If Gelbart Company sells 46,775 gas grills in a year, what is the operating income? 3. If Gelbart Companys variable costs increase to 240 per grill while the price and fixed costs remain unchanged, what is the new break-even point?arrow_forwardCadre, Inc., sells a single product with a selling price of $120 and variable costs per unit of $90. The companys monthly fixed expenses are $180,000. What is the companys break-even point in units? What is the companys break-even point in dollars? Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the month of October when they will sell 10,000 units. How many units will Cadre need to sell in order to realize a target profit of $300,000? What dollar sales will Cadre need to generate in order to realize a target profit of $300,000? Construct a contribution margin income statement for the month of August that reflects $2,400,000 in sales revenue for Cadre, Inc.arrow_forwardOlivian Company wants to earn 420,000 in net (after-tax) income next year. Its product is priced at 275 per unit. Product costs include: Variable selling expense is 14 per unit; fixed selling and administrative expense totals 290,000. Olivian has a tax rate of 40 percent. Required: 1. Calculate the before-tax profit needed to achieve an after-tax target of 420,000. 2. Calculate the number of units that will yield operating income calculated in Requirement 1 above. (Round to the nearest unit.) 3. Prepare an income statement for Olivian Company for the coming year based on the number of units computed in Requirement 2. 4. What if Olivian had a 35 percent tax rate? Would the units sold to reach a 420,000 target net income be higher or lower than the units calculated in Requirement 3? Calculate the number of units needed at the new tax rate. (Round dollar amounts to the nearest dollar and unit amounts to the nearest unit.)arrow_forward
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