Concept explainers
Concept introduction:
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) Analysis:
The Cost Volume Profit analysis is the analysis of the relation between cost, volume, and profit of a product. It analyzes the cost and profits at the different level of production, in order to determine the breakeven point and required the level of sales to earn the desired profit.
Contribution margin means the margin that is left with the company after recovering variable cost out of revenue earned by selling smart phones. The formula for contribution margin is as follows:
Contribution margin = Sales - Variable cost.
Similarly contribution margin ratio = Contribution/sales
Degree of operating leverage:
The Degree of operating leverage shows the relation between change in net operating income and change in sales. The formulas for degree of operating leverage are as follows:
To calculate:
The Degree of operating leverage
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Managerial Accounting - With Access
- Contribution Margin Ratio, Break-Even Sales, Operating Leverage Elgart Company produces plastic mailboxes. The projected income statement for the coming year follows: Required: 1. Compute the contribution margin ratio for the mailboxes. 2. How much revenue must Elgart earn in order to break even? 3. What is the effect on the contribution margin ratio if the unit selling price and unit variable cost each increase by 15%? 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Suppose that management has decided to give a 4% commission on all sales. The projected income statement does not reflect this commission. Recompute the contribution margin ratio, assuming that the commission will be paid. What effect does this have on the break-even point? 5. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION If the commission is paid as described in Requirement 4, management expects sales revenues to increase by 80,000. How will this affect operating leverage? Is it a sound decision to implement the commission? Support your answer with appropriate computations.arrow_forwardMorris Industries manufactures and sells three products (AA, BB, and CC). The sales price and unit variable cost for the three products are as follows: Their sales mix s reflected as a ratio of 5:3:2. Annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $25,000 per year. What are total variable costs for Morris with their current product mix? Calculate the number of units of each product that will need to be sold in order for Morris to break even. What is their break-even point in sales dollars? Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.arrow_forwardSalvador Manufacturing builds and sells snowboards, skis and poles. The sales price and variable cost for each follows: Their sales mix is reflected in the ratio 7:3:2. If annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $196,200, how many units of each product will need to be sold in order for Salvador to break even?arrow_forward
- Faldo Company produces a single product. The projected income statement for the coming year, based on sales of 200,000 units, is as follows: Required: 1. Compute the unit contribution margin and the units that must be sold to break even. Suppose that 30,000 units are sold above the break-even point. What is the profit? 2. Compute the contribution margin ratio and the break-even point in dollars. Suppose that revenues are 200,000 greater than expected. What would the total profit be? 3. Compute the margin of safety in sales revenue. 4. Compute the operating leverage. Compute the new profit level if sales are 20 percent higher than expected. 5. How many units must be sold to earn a profit equal to 10 percent of sales? 6. Assume the income tax rate is 40 percent. How many units must be sold to earn an after-tax profit of 180,000?arrow_forwardManatoah Manufacturing produces 3 models of window air conditioners: model 101, model 201, and model 301. The sales price and variable costs for these three models are as follows: The current product mix is 4:3:2. The three models share total fixed costs of $430,000. Calculate the sales price per composite unit. What is the contribution margin per composite unit? Calculate Manatoahs break-even point in both dollars and units. Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.arrow_forwardFire Company is a service firm with current service revenue of $900,000 and a 40% contribution margin. Its fixed costs are $200,000. Ice Company has current sales of $420,000 and a 30% contribution margin. Its fixed costs are $90,000. What is the margin of safety for Fire and Ice? Compare the margin of safety in dollars between the two companies. Which is stronger? Compare the margin of safety in percentage between the two companies. Now which one is stronger? Compute the degree of operating leverage for both companies. Which company will benefit most from a 10% increase in sales? Explain why. Illustrate your findings in an Income Statement that is increased by 10%.arrow_forward
- Abilene Industries manufactures and sells three products (XX, W, and ZZ). The sales price and unit variable cost for the three products are as follows: Their sales mix is reflected as a ratio of 4:2:1. Annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $345.000 per year. What are total variable costs for Abilene with their current product mix? Calculate the number of units of each product that will need to be sold in order for Abilene to break even. What is their break-even point in sales dollars? Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.arrow_forwardPolaris Inc. manufactures two types of metal stampings for the automobile industry: door handles and trim kits. Fixed cost equals 146,000. Each door handle sells for 12 and has variable cost of 9; each trim kit sells for 8 and has variable cost of 5. Required: 1. What are the contribution margin per unit and the contribution margin ratio for door handles and for trim kits? 2. If Polaris sells 20,000 door handles and 40,000 trim kits, what is the operating income? 3. How many door handles and how many trim kits must be sold for Polaris to break even? 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Assume that Polaris has the opportunity to rearrange its plant to produce only trim kits. If this is done, fixed costs will decrease by 35,000, and 70,000 trim kits can be produced and sold. Is this a good idea? Explain.arrow_forwardA firm has fixed costs of $25,000 associated with the manufacture of lawn mowers that cost $480 per mower to produce. The firm sells all the mowers it produces at $580 each. Find the cost, revenue and profit equations. Find the break-even quantity. (Let x be the number of mowers.)C(x) = R(x) = P(x) = break even quantity= ? mowersarrow_forward
- Salvadores Manufacturing builds and sells snowboards, skis and poles. The sales price and variable cost for each follows: Product Selling Priceper Unit Variable Costper Unit Snowboards $300 $160 Skis $390 $220 Poles $40 $20 Their sales mix is reflected in the ratio 8:3:2. If annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $167,000, how many units of each product will need to be sold in order for Salvadores to break even? Product Ratio (mix) Break-even percomposite unit Number of Unitsper product Snowboards 8 fill in the blank 1 fill in the blank 2 Skis 3 fill in the blank 3 fill in the blank 4 Poles 2 fill in the blank 5 fill in the blank 6arrow_forwardOperating leverage - Superior Door Company sells pre-hung doors to home builders. The doors are sold for $60 each. Variable costs are $42 per door and fixed costs total $450,000 per year. The company is currently selling 30,000 doors per year. Prepare a contribution format income statement for the company at the present level of sales and compute the degree of operating leverage. Management is confident that the company can sell 37,500 doors next year (an increase of 7,500 doors, or 25% over current sales). Compute the expected net operating income for next year. (Do not prepare an income statement; use the degree of operating leverage to compute your answer.)arrow_forwardSuppose ABC Corp’s break-even point is revenues of $1,100,000. Fixed costs are $660,000 a. Calculate the contribution margin percentage. b. Calculate the selling price if variable costs are $16 per unit. c. Suppose 75 000 units are sold. Calculate the profit earned. d. Will the company be profitable if able to sell 30,000 units? Explain. c. What should the company do to increase its profit above break-even point?arrow_forward
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