Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The product obtained from reaction
Concept Introduction:
Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.
Addition of hydrogen halides to
Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halide to alkyne occurs according to the following general mechanism.
First a
(b)
Interpretation:
The product obtained from reaction
Concept Introduction:
Addition of hydrogen halides to alkynes:
Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halide to alkyne occurs according to the general mechanism.
First a
(c)
Interpretation:
The product obtained from reaction
Concept Introduction:
Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkyne in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an enol. Enol contains a double bond and a
If a carbonyl group is bonded to two alkyl groups, it is called as a
Conversion of terminal alkynes into enol: If we want to convert terminal alkyne into an enol, the presence of mercuric ion as a catalyst should be needed and the catalyst will increase the
(d)
Interpretation:
The product obtained from reaction
Concept Introduction:
Deprotonation: The reaction in which proton is removed from the compound using reagents is known as deprotonation.
Different reagents are used for the deprotonation and one of the common reagents is sodium amide.
Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.
Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans
(e)
Interpretation:
The product obtained from reaction
Concept Introduction:
Deprotonation: The reaction in which proton is removed from the compound using reagents is known as deprotonation.
Different reagents are used for the deprotonation and one of the common reagent is sodium amide.
Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.
Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.
(f)
Interpretation:
The product obtained from reaction
Concept Introduction:
Deprotonation: The reaction in which proton is removed from the compound using reagents is known as deprotonation.
Different reagents are used for the deprotonation and one of the common reagents is sodium amide.
Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.
Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.
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Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
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