Concept explainers
Interpretation: The relationship between given two structures needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.
The possible relations are as follows:
Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.
Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.
Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.
Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- Add a + or above each curved arrow in Figure 4.11 to show the sign of the energy change.arrow_forwardUsing your model of butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3) , complete the following graph of the anglebetween the two Me groups vs. potential energy. a. Label each Newman projection of butane on the graph with the words staggered, eclipsed, gauche, and anti, as appropriate. (Note that some structures will have more than one label.) b. Draw a wedge and dash bond representation of butane in its lowest P.E. conformation.arrow_forward(E) What suffix do all the names in Model 1 have in common with each other?arrow_forward
- Use Model 1 to propose names for three-, four-, five-, and six-carbon branches that follow the same pattern as “methyl” and “ethyl” for one- and two-carbon branches, respectively. (Note: The names of seven-, eight-, etc. carbon branches follow the same pattern, but branches of such length are rare since they are usually the parent chain.)arrow_forwardComplete the elementary step in Figure 6. * 1 - Structure A 2- Structure B 3- Structure C 4 - Structure D 5- None of these structures will complete the elementary step correctly.arrow_forwardBuild a model of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane. Orient the model so that you are looking at the carbon with the arrow pointing to it in Figure 3. Align the bond to the next carbon in the chain so that it is directly behind the first carbon to match a Newman projection view. (See Figure MM.3 in the lab manual) Spin the carbons on either side of the bond you're looking down to cycle through all three staggered and all three eclipsed positions of the substituents. Draw all six positions as Newman projections on the data sheet and identify the position with the highest energy. Draw the six Newman projections of all of the different energy levels. Label each as staggered or eclipsed and rank in order from lowest energy to highest.arrow_forward
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning