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According to information given in the question, in early embryonic stages, DNA replication occurs every
Introduction:
DNA replication process occurs in all living organisms. In this process, DNA strands of double stranded DNA get separated; new complementary strands are synthesized, and DNA molecule gets doubled (two identical copies of DNA). DNA replication is a semi discontinuous process, i.e., after separation of DNA strands, one strand gets synthesized continuously and another strand get synthesized in a discontinuous manner.
The origin of replication is a specific sequence of genomes from which DNA replication starts. Eukaryotes have comparatively larger genomes than bacteria. Drosophila genome size is
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Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
- Human Genome Replication Rate Assume DNA replication proceeds at a rate of 100 base pairs per second in human cells and origins of replication occur every 300 kbp. Assume also that human DNA polymerases are highly processive and only two molecules of DNA polymerase arc needed per replication fork. How long would it take to replicate the entire diploid human genome? How many molecules of DNA polymerase does each cell need to carry out this task?arrow_forwardHuman Fbh1 helicase is important in the process of DNA replication. When a mutation occurs during the production of Fbh1, the result is a mutant Fbh1 that binds at the replication fork and prevents any helicase protein from attaching to the strand. Based on this information and the image shown, what would happen during DNA replication if this mutant helicase were present? A - Topoisomerase would unwind the DNA and an RNA primer would attach to the DNA molecule and initiate replication. The process would then stop at the blue triangle because helicase is needed to separate the strands of DNA. B - Topoisomerase would unwind the DNA, but then the process would stop at the blue triangle because helicase, the RNA primer, would not be able to attach to the DNA molecule and initiate replication. C - The process would begin at the blue triangle when topoisomerase unwinds the DNA and an RNA primer attaches to the DNA molecule and initiates replication. DNA polymerase would begin the synthesis…arrow_forwardSuppose that 22% of the nucleotides of a DNA molecule are deoxyadenosine and during replication the relative amounts of available deoxynucleoside triphosphates are 22% dATP, 22% dCTP, 28% dGTP, and 28% dTTP. What deoxynucleoside triphosphate is limiting to the replication? Explain.arrow_forward
- Most prokaryotes have a circular chromosome, with no ends, so the shortening of DNA does not occur. But what protects the genes of linear eukaryotic chromosomes from being eroded away during successive rounds of DNA replication?arrow_forwardSuppose that 28% of the nucleotides in a DNA moleculeare deoxythymidine 5′- monophosphate, and that duringDNA replication the percentage amounts of availablenucleotide bases are 22% A, 22% C, 28% G, and 28% T.Which base would be depleted first in the replicationprocess?arrow_forwardOne way that bacterial cells regulate DNA replication is through GATC methylation sites within the origin of replication. Would this mechanism work if the DNA was conservatively (rather than semiconservatively) replicated?arrow_forward
- During DNA replication in E. coli, which enzyme forms the phosphodiester bond between an RNA primer and the first incoming deoxyribonucleotide for an Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand? topoisomerase DNA polymerase III DNA helicase DNA polymerase II DNA ligase Heterogeneous nuclear RNA is typically characterized by which of the following features? it is more common in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes it contains introns, but no exons it contains more exons than introns it contains exons, but no introns it contains more introns than exonsarrow_forwardIf the sequence 5′-AACGC-3′ were damaged by reactive oxygen species, what would be the most prevalent product, and what would be the result of replication? (Note: show both strands after replication)arrow_forwardDepurination of purine bases results in an apurinic site. Assume a single depurination event occurs in the GC base pair of the sequence below and is not repaired. Then, if two rounds of replication occur, which of the following DNA sequences will exist after two rounds of replication? Remember that when DNA polymerases encounter an apurinic site, most often an A is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand. Assume this is true for the sequence below. ...TACT... ...ATGA... Question 7 Select one or more: ...TAGT... ...ATCA... 1. ...TACT... ...ATGA... 2. ...TAAT... ...ATTA... 3. ...TAAT... ...AT_A... 4. ...TA_T... ...ATAA... 5. ...TATT... ...ATAA...arrow_forward
- Depurination of purine bases results in an apurinic site. Assume a single depurination event occurs in the GC base pair of the sequence below and is not repaired. Then, if two rounds of replication occur, which of the following DNA sequences will exist after two rounds of replication? Remember that when DNA polymerases encounter an apurinic site, most often an A is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand. Assume this is true for the sequence below. ...TACT... ...ATGA... Question 7 Select one or more: a) ...TAGT... ...ATCA... b) ...TACT... ...ATGA... c)...TAAT... ...ATTA... d) ...TAAT... ...AT_A... . e) ...TA_T... ...ATAA... f)...TATT... ...ATAA...arrow_forwardThe base analog 5-bromouracil undergoes tautomerization. One tautomer behaves like thymine, and the other behaves like cytosine. If 5-bromouracil is incorporated in the DNA, what is the minimum number of cycle(s) of DNA replication that must occur to mutate the codon for proline (CCC) into the codon for serine (TCC)? A) one cycle B) two cycles C) three cycles D) 5-bromouracil cannot induce this mutationarrow_forwardThe human genome contains about 3 billion base pairs. During the first cell division after fertilization of a human embryo, S phase is approximately three hours long. Assuming an average DNA polymerase rate of 50 nucleotides/second over the entire S phase, what is the minimum number oforigins of replication you would expect to find in the human genome? Show your solution.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning