Fundamentals of Biostatistics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305268920
Author: Bernard Rosner
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 49P
The mortality experience of 8146 male employees of a research, engineering, and metal-fabrication plant in Tonawanda, New York, was studied from 1946 to 1981 [2]. Potential workplace exposures included welding fumes, cutting oils, asbestos, organic solvents, and environmental ionizing radiation, as a result of waste disposal during the Manhattan Project of World War II. Comparisons were made for specific causes of death between mortality rates in workers and U.S. white-male mortality rates from 1950 to 1978.
Suppose that 17 deaths from cirrhosis of the liver were observed among workers who were hired prior to 1946 and who had worked in the plant for 10 or more years, whereas 6.3 were expected based on U.S. white-male mortality rates.
Perform a significance test to assess whether there is an association between long duration of employment and mortality from cirrhosis of the liver in the group hired prior to 1946. Report a p-value.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
A research group is interested in the relationship between exposure to mold in households after a major hurricane and the onset of acute respiratory illness in children. Suppose an observational study is conducted over 10 years following the natural disaster and the following two-by-two table was created in order to address the relationship between exposure and outcome.
Acute Respiratory Illness
No Acute Respiratory Illness
Total
Mold
378
156
534
No Mold
73
260
333
Total
451
416
867
Calculate the incidence of acute respiratory illness in the exposed and unexposed.
Calculate the relative risk for ARI due to exposure in this study
Interpret your findings from part B
A recent study examined the effects of carbon monoxide exposure on a group of construction workers. The following table presents the numbers of workers who reported various symptoms, along with the shift (morning, evening, or night) that they worked.
Morning Shift
Evening Shift
Night Shift
Influenza
12
19
20
Headache
18
34
5
Weakness
10
10
7
Shortness of Breath
11
9
3
In a study conducted in Italy, 10 patients with hypertriglyceridemia were placed on a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. Before the start of the diet, cholesterol and triglyceride measurements were recorded for each subject. Patient Cholesterol Level (mmol/l) Triglyceride level (mmol/l) 1 5.12 2.30 2 6.18 2.54 3 6.77 2.95 4 6.65 3.77 5 6.36 4.18 6 5.90 5.31 7 5.48 5.53 8 6.02 8.83 9 10.34 9.48 10 8.51 14.20
a. Construct a two-way scatter plot for these data.
b. Use STATA to calculate Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient for these data.
c. Test, α = 0.05, whether or not the population correlation, ρ, equals 0.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Fundamentals of Biostatistics
Ch. 7.3 - What is the difference between a type I and type...Ch. 7.3 - What is the difference between the critical-value...Ch. 7.3 - Several studies have shown that women with many...Ch. 7.7 - In the BMD study referred to in Case Study 2 (p....Ch. 7.7 - Prob. B.2RECh. 7.7 - Prob. B.3RECh. 7.9 - Prob. C.1RECh. 7.9 - Prob. C.2RECh. 7.9 - How much power did the test in Review Question...Ch. 7 - The mean serum-creatinine level measured in 12...
Ch. 7 - The mean serum-creatinine level measured in 12...Ch. 7 - The mean serum-creatinine level measured in 12...Ch. 7 - The mean serum-creatinine level measured in 1 2...Ch. 7 - The mean serum-creatinine level measured in 12...Ch. 7 - The mean serum-creatinine level measured in 12...Ch. 7 - The mean serumcreatinine level measured in 12...Ch. 7 - The mean serumcreatinine level measured in 12...Ch. 7 - Plasma-glucose levels are used to determine the...Ch. 7 - Plasma-glucose levels are used to determine the...Ch. 7 - Plasma-glucose levels are used to determine the...Ch. 7 - Suppose the incidence rate of myocardial...Ch. 7 - Suppose the incidence rate of myocardial...Ch. 7 - Suppose the incidence rate of myocardial...Ch. 7 - Suppose the incidence rate of myocardial...Ch. 7 - Suppose the incidence rate of myocardial...Ch. 7 - Suppose the annual incidence of asthma in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18PCh. 7 - Suppose the annual incidence of asthma in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 20PCh. 7 - Ribosomal 5S RNA can be represented as a sequence...Ch. 7 - Ribosomal 5S RNA can be represented as a sequence...Ch. 7 - Ribosomal 5S RNA can be represented as a sequence...Ch. 7 - Ribosomal 5S RNA can be represented as a sequence...Ch. 7 - Ribosomal 5S RNA can be represented as a sequence...Ch. 7 - Suppose we identify 50 women 50 to 54 years of age...Ch. 7 - The drug erythromycin has been proposed to...Ch. 7 - A pilot study of a new antihypertensive agent is...Ch. 7 - A pilot study of a new antihypertensive agent is...Ch. 7 - The proportion of deaths due to lung cancer in...Ch. 7 - The proportion of deaths due to lung cancer in...Ch. 7 - The proportion of deaths due to lung cancer in...Ch. 7 - The proportion of deaths due to lung cancer in...Ch. 7 - The proportion of deaths due to lung cancer in...Ch. 7 - Iron-deficiency anemia is an important nutritional...Ch. 7 - Iron-deficiency anemia is an important nutritional...Ch. 7 - Iron-deficiency anemia is an important nutritional...Ch. 7 - Iron-deficiency anemia is an important nutritional...Ch. 7 - Iron-deficiency anemia is an important nutritional...Ch. 7 - Iron-deficiency anemia is an important nutritional...Ch. 7 - Iron-deficiency anemia is an important nutritional...Ch. 7 - Iron-deficiency anemia is an important nutritional...Ch. 7 - Suppose a new test is proposed to identify...Ch. 7 - Suppose a new test is proposed to identify...Ch. 7 - Suppose a new test is proposed to identify...Ch. 7 - Suppose a new test is proposed to identify...Ch. 7 - Suppose a new test is proposed to identify...Ch. 7 - The mortality experience of 8146 male employees of...Ch. 7 - The mortality experience of 8146 male employees of...Ch. 7 - The mortality experience of 8146 male employees of...Ch. 7 - The mortality experience of 8146 male employees of...Ch. 7 - Researchers have reported that the incidence rate...Ch. 7 - Researchers have reported that the incidence rate...Ch. 7 - Researchers have reported that the incidence rate...Ch. 7 - Researchers have reported that the incidence rate...Ch. 7 - Left ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk...Ch. 7 - Left ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk...Ch. 7 - Left ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk...Ch. 7 - Left ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk...Ch. 7 - Prob. 60PCh. 7 - Previous studies have shown that supplementing the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 62PCh. 7 - Prob. 63PCh. 7 - Previous studies have shown that supplementing the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 65PCh. 7 - Prob. 66PCh. 7 - Refer to Data Set NIFED.DAT at...Ch. 7 - The combination of photochemotherapy with oral...Ch. 7 - The combination of photochemotherapy with oral...Ch. 7 - The combination of photochemotherapy with oral...Ch. 7 - Prob. 72PCh. 7 - Breast cancer is strongly influenced by a womans...Ch. 7 - Prob. 74PCh. 7 - An investigator wants to test a new eye drop that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 76PCh. 7 - Table 7.10 gives the itching scores reported by...Ch. 7 - Table 7.10 gives the itching scores reported by...Ch. 7 - Table 7.10 gives the itching scores reported by...Ch. 7 - Table 7.10 gives the itching scores reported by...Ch. 7 - Prob. 81PCh. 7 - Prob. 82PCh. 7 - Concurrent sexual partnerships are widely believed...Ch. 7 - Prob. 84PCh. 7 - Prob. 85PCh. 7 - Prob. 86PCh. 7 - Consider the birthweight data in Example 7.2. What...Ch. 7 - Consider the birthweight data in Example 7.2. Now...Ch. 7 - Prob. 89PCh. 7 - A screening program for neuroblastoma (a type of...Ch. 7 - A screening program for neuroblastoma (a type of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 92PCh. 7 - Prob. 93PCh. 7 - Prob. 94PCh. 7 - Prob. 95PCh. 7 - Prob. 96PCh. 7 - An experiment was performed to assess the efficacy...Ch. 7 - Medical errors are common in hospitals throughout...Ch. 7 - Prob. 99PCh. 7 - Prob. 100PCh. 7 - Prob. 101PCh. 7 - Prob. 102PCh. 7 - Prob. 103PCh. 7 - Prob. 104PCh. 7 - Osteoporosis is an important cause of morbidity in...Ch. 7 - Osteoporosis is an important cause of morbidity in...Ch. 7 - Osteoporosis is an important cause of morbidity in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 108PCh. 7 - Prob. 109PCh. 7 - Prob. 110PCh. 7 - Prob. 111PCh. 7 - Prob. 112PCh. 7 - Prob. 113PCh. 7 - A study was conducted in Sweden to relate the age...Ch. 7 - A study was conducted in Sweden to relate the age...Ch. 7 - A study was conducted in Sweden to relate the age...Ch. 7 - Prob. 117PCh. 7 - Prob. 118PCh. 7 - Prob. 119PCh. 7 - Prob. 120PCh. 7 - Prob. 121P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Urban Travel Times Population of cities and driving times are related, as shown in the accompanying table, which shows the 1960 population N, in thousands, for several cities, together with the average time T, in minutes, sent by residents driving to work. City Population N Driving time T Los Angeles 6489 16.8 Pittsburgh 1804 12.6 Washington 1808 14.3 Hutchinson 38 6.1 Nashville 347 10.8 Tallahassee 48 7.3 An analysis of these data, along with data from 17 other cities in the United States and Canada, led to a power model of average driving time as a function of population. a Construct a power model of driving time in minutes as a function of population measured in thousands b Is average driving time in Pittsburgh more or less than would be expected from its population? c If you wish to move to a smaller city to reduce your average driving time to work by 25, how much smaller should the city be?arrow_forwardIn a study conducted in Italy, 10 patients with hypertriglyceridemia were placed on a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. Before the start of the diet, cholesterol and triglyceride measurements were recorded for each subject. Patient Cholesterol Level (mmol/l) Triglyceride level (mmol/l) 1 5.12 2.30 2 6.18 2.54 3 6.77 2.95 4 6.65 3.77 5 6.36 4.18 6 5.90 5.31 7 5.48 5.53 8 6.02 8.83 9 10.34 9.48 10 8.51 14.20A. Use STATA to Calculate the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, rs, for these data. B. Using rs, test the null hypothesis that the population correlation, ρ, equals 0.arrow_forwardA study is being conducted on the effect of gas price on the number of miles driven in a given month. Residents in two cities, one on the East Coast and one on the West Coast, are randomly selected and asked to complete a questionnaire on the type of car they drive, the number of miles they live from work, the number of children under 18 in their household, their monthly income, and the number of miles they have driven over the past 30 days. State whether this study is an experimental or observational study? Explain in brief the reason for your answer.arrow_forward
- 2.Researchers studied selenium levels in beef raised in a low selenium region of the United States. The goal of the study was to compare selenium levels in the region-raised beef to selenium levels in cooked venison, squirrel, and beef from other regions of the United States. The data in the Excel file (se_level.xlsx or se_level.txt) are the selenium levels calculated on a dry weight basis in mg=100 g for a sample of 53 region-raised cattle 11.23 29.63 20.42 10.12 39.91 32.66 38.38 36.21 16.39 27.44 17.29 56.20 28.94 20.11 25.35 21.77 31.62 32.63 30.31 46.16 56.61 24.47 29.39 40.71 18.52 27.80 19.49 15.82 27.74 22.35 34.78 35.09 32.60 37.03 27.00 44.20 13.09 33.03 9.69 32.45 37.38 34.91 27.99 22.36 22.68 26.52 46.01 38.04 30.88 30.04 25.91 18.54 25.51 Please answer the following questions: Use these data to construct: A…arrow_forward2.Researchers studied selenium levels in beef raised in a low selenium region of the United States. The goal of the study was to compare selenium levels in the region-raised beef to selenium levels in cooked venison, squirrel, and beef from other regions of the United States. The data in the Excel file (se_level.xlsx or se_level.txt) are the selenium levels calculated on a dry weight basis in mg=100 g for a sample of 53 region-raised cattle 11.23 29.63 20.42 10.12 39.91 32.66 38.38 36.21 16.39 27.44 17.29 56.20 28.94 20.11 25.35 21.77 31.62 32.63 30.31 46.16 56.61 24.47 29.39 40.71 18.52 27.80 19.49 15.82 27.74 22.35 34.78 35.09 32.60 37.03 27.00 44.20 13.09 33.03 9.69 32.45 37.38 34.91 27.99 22.36 22.68 26.52 46.01 38.04 30.88 30.04 25.91 18.54 25.51 Please answer the following questions: Describe these data with…arrow_forwardConsider a cohort study to compare the mortality rate of myocardial infarction (MI) in men with sedentary work (exposed group) to men with physically active work (unexposed). If in the exposed, there were 36,000 person (man) years of observation and 126 deaths whereas the unexposed had 24,000 man-years of observation and 44 deaths. Compute the following a) Mortality rate in each cohort? b) What is the relative risk of dying, comparing these 2 groups? c) What is the attributable risk of sedentary work? d) What is the attributable benefit of physical activity? e) If we assume that MI is associated with the mortality in this cohort (causality), what proportion of the disease in the higher group is potentially preventable?arrow_forward
- In the book Business Research Methods (5th ed.), Donald R. Cooper and C. William Emory discuss studying the relationship between on-the-job accidents and smoking. Cooper and Emory describe the study as follows: Suppose a manager implementing a smoke-free workplace policy is interested in whether smoking affects worker accidents. Since the company has complete reports of on-the-job accidents, she draws a sample of names of workers who were involved in accidents during the last year. A similar sample from among workers who had no reported accidents in the last year is drawn. She interviews members of both groups to determine if they are smokers or not. The sample results are given in the following table. On-the-Job Accident Smoker Yes No Row Total Heavy 12 5 17 Moderate 9 10 19 Nonsmoker 13 17 30 Column total 34 32 66 Expected counts are below observed counts Accident No Accident Total Heavy 12 5 17 8.76 8.24…arrow_forwardAn automotive engineer is investigating two different types of metering devices for an electronic fuel injection system to determine whether they differ in their fuel mileage performance. The system is installed on 10 different cars, and a test is run with each metering device on each car. The data is provided below: Metering Device Car 1 2 1 17.6 16.8 2 19.4 20.0 3 18.2 17.6 4 17.1 16.4 5 15.3 16.0 6 15.9 15.9 7 16.3 16.5 8 18.0 18.4 9 17.3 16.4 10 19.1 20.1 Is there a significant difference between the means of the two metering devices? Use . Interpret the result in the context of the problem. An article in the journal Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials (Vol. 6, 1989) reported the results of an analysis of the weight of calcium in standard cement and cement doped with lead. Reduced levels of calcium would indicate that the hydration mechanism in the cement is blocked…arrow_forwardCould it be that smoking actually increases survival rates among women? The accompanying data represent the 20-year survival status and smoking status of 1339 women who participated in a 20-year cohort study. Complete parts (a) through (e).arrow_forward
- 1. Hypothetical Age specific mortality data of A and C regionarrow_forwardA deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.2 9.1 9.6 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.3 10.9 10.6 10.6 11.7 10.1 9.7 12.3 10.8 8.8 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.9 11.2 10.4 9.4 11.6 10.6 10.9 10.7 8.4 After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.3 104 8.7 96.4 8.7 89 10.1 88 9.6 103.8 8.6 147.3 10.2 97.1 12.2 172.6 9.3 146.3 9.5 99 8.2 122.3 8.9 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93 (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if there…arrow_forwardA deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.3 9.1 9.7 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.4 10.9 10.7 10.6 11.8 10.1 9.8 12.3 10.6 8.8 10.4 10.4 10.2 10.9 11.3 10.4 9.2 11.6 10.7 10.9 10.8 8.2 After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.4 104 8.8 96.4 8.8 89 10.1 88 9.7 103.8 8.7 147.3 10.3 97.1 12.3 172.6 9.4 146.3 9.5 99 8.3 122.3 8.9 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93 (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...AlgebraISBN:9781337111348Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan NoellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...
Algebra
ISBN:9781337111348
Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan Noell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
what is Research Design, Research Design Types, and Research Design Methods; Author: Educational Hub;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpmGSioXxdo;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY