EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103935432
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 9.1, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The given reaction and explain:
The kind of reaction taking place (oxidation or reduction).
The nature of the reaction (exergonic or endergonic).
The kind of coenzyme, which catalyzes the reaction.
Introduction:
Citric acid cycle (CAC) or Krebs cycle operates under aerobic conditions in the mitochondria in the eukaryotes and in the cytoplasm in the prokaryotes. It is an 8-step reaction, which utilizes acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) as a substrate. The conversion of succinate to fumarate takes place during this cycle, which is shown as follows:
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- Because of an inborn error of metabolism, suppose that the enzyme that catalyzed the third reaction in your pathway (see no. 5a) was defective. Describe the effects this wouldhave on the concentrations of the intermediates in your pathway.arrow_forwardSuggest the possible class of enzyme (or name of enzyme) for each of theenzyme-catalyzed reactions below. Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardFatty acid beta-oxidation consists of 4 steps that are repeated multiple times. Explain the purpose of step 2 and step 3 respectively. (You don’t need to provide names of enzymes or intermediates!).arrow_forward
- identify the enzyme needed in each of the following reactions as an isomerase, decarboxylase, dehydrogenase, protease, or a phosphatase.arrow_forwardThe enzyme belongs to which class?arrow_forwardThe enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase (MD) catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as an enzyme cofactor (or coenzyme). Answer the following questions about this reaction. See pp. 462-467 of your textbook for further information. (a) Briefly explain how we know that this reaction (malate → oxaloacetate) is an oxidation- reduction reaction. (b) Write out the two reductive half reactions and indicate the ɛº' for each half reaction. Write out the full balanced reaction for the malate to oxaloacetate reaction and indicate the Ae°l for the reaction. (c) What is the free energy change under standard state conditions (AGº') for this reaction? Which direction is spontaneous?arrow_forward
- The conversion of substance X to substance Y is an endergonic reaction, but it can be driven if coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. Write simple equations illustrating how that can occur.arrow_forwardHow to differentiate the following simply by seeing the reaction: a. oxidoreductase b. transferase c. hydrolase d. lyase e. isomerase f. ligasearrow_forwardEthylene glycol (HO—CH2—CH2—OH) is frequently used as antifreeze in automobile engines. Every year children and pets are poisoned because they tasted this sweet-tasting material. Ethylene glycol is metabolized in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase. Suggest a possible medical treatment for ethylene glycol intoxication.arrow_forward
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