DNA Transcription Pre-mRNA is cleaved, at a position from 11 to 30 nucleotides down- Transcription start site stream of the consensus sequence, Consensus 11-30 in the 3' untranslated region. sequence nucleotides Pre-MRNA 5'| AAUAAA 3' Cleavage U-rich sequence Cleavage site The addition of adenine nucleotides (polyadenylation) takes place at 13' the 3' end of the pre-MRNA, generating the poly(A) tail. 5" AAUAAA Polyadenylation Poly(A) tail MRNA 5' AAUAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 3' 14.7 Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a 3' poly(A) tail

DNA Transcription Pre-mRNA is cleaved, at a position from 11 to 30 nucleotides down- Transcription start site stream of the consensus sequence, Consensus 11-30 in the 3' untranslated region. sequence nucleotides Pre-MRNA 5'| AAUAAA 3' Cleavage U-rich sequence Cleavage site The addition of adenine nucleotides (polyadenylation) takes place at 13' the 3' end of the pre-MRNA, generating the poly(A) tail. 5" AAUAAA Polyadenylation Poly(A) tail MRNA 5' AAUAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 3' 14.7 Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a 3' poly(A) tail

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter29: Transcription And The Regulation Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2P: The Events in Transcription Initiation Describe the sequence of events involved in the initiation of...

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Post-transcriptional Modification of Eukaryotic mRNAs What might be the advantages of capping, methylation, and polyadenylylation of eukaryotic mRNAs?
The Events in Transcription Initiation Describe the sequence of events involved in the initiation of transcription by E. coil RNA polymerase. Include in your description those features a gene must have for proper recognition and transcription by RNA poIymerase.
A normal mRNA that reads 5’ - UGCCAUGGUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC- 3’ has an insertion mutation that changes the sequence to 5' -UGCCAUGGUUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC- 3’. Translate the original mRNA and the mutated mRNA, and explain how insertion mutations can have dramatic effects on proteins. (Hint: Be sure to find the initiation site.)
Alternative Splicing Possibilities Suppose exon 17 were deleted from the fast skeletal muscle troponin T gene (Figure 29.46). How many different mRNAs could now be generated by alternative splicing? Suppose that exon 7 in a wild-type troponin T gene were duplicated. How many different mRNAs might be generated from a transcript of this new gene by alternative splicing?
88Sequential binding of RNA polymerase II-TFIIF complex, TFIIE, and TFIIH completes ___________________ formation. A.pre-initiation complexb.TF recognition elementc.pre-elongation complexD.TATA binding complex 89Which of the following is the GDP-GTP exchange protein?A.EF-Tub.none of the abovec.EF-TsD.EF-G 90RNA polymerase II has 14 subunits. Yesorno
a. Very few if any eukaryotic genes contain tractswith more than 25 As or Ts in a row, yet almost alleukaryotic mRNAs have a tract with more than100 As in a row. How is this possible?b. Scientists know the nucleotide sequences that directthe termination of bacterial gene transcription, butthey generally have little idea about the nature ofthe nucleotide sequences that direct transcriptiontermination in eukaryotic cells. Explain the basisof this statement.
A single nucleotide addition and a single nucleotide deletion approximately 15 bases apart in the DNA cause aprotein change in sequence fromPhe–Ser–Pro–Arg–Leu–Asn–Ala–Val–LystoPhe–Val–His–Ala–Leu–Met–Ala–Val–Lysa. What are the old and new mRNA nucleotide sequences? (Use the codon dictionary in Figure 9-5.)b. Which nucleotide has been added? Which has beendeleted?
) A normal mRNA that reads 5'- UGCCAUGGUAAUAACACAUGAAGGCCUGAAC-3' was an insertion mutation that changes the sequence to 5'- UGCCAUGGUUAAUAACACAUGAGGCGUGAAC-3'. Translate the original mRNA and the mutated mRNA and explain how insertion mutations can have dramatic effects on proteins. ( Hint; Be sure to find the initiation site).
A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromicshift , indicating secondary structure. Itssequence was determined to be5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'(a) Propose a two-dimensional model for this molecule.(b) What DNA sequence would give rise to this RNA moleculethrough transcription?(c) If the molecule were a tRNA fragment containing a CGA anticodon,what would the corresponding codon be?(d) If the molecule were an internal part of a message, whatamino acid sequence would result from it following translation?
Some exons in the human genome are quite small (lessthan 75 bp long). Identification of such “microexons” isdifficult because these distances are too short to reliablyuse ORF identification or codon bias to determine ifsmall genomic sequences are truly part of an mRNAand a polypeptide. What techniques of “gene finding”can be used to try to assess if a given region of 75 bpconstitutes an exon?
Write the order of nucleotides in mRNA that would be transcribed from the following strand of DNA: GTATACCAGTCATTTGTCThen list in order the amino acids coded by this sequence.mRNA ________________________________________________________________amino acids ________________________________________________________________ 2. Sometimes a mistake occurs in the translation of an mRNA strand. Suppose that the reading of themRNA strand in question 1 began, by mistake, at the second nucleotide instead of the first. The first codonwould be AUA. Write the sequence of amino acids that would be formed.__________________________________________________________________________
Trinucleotide repeat expansions (TNREs) are associated with severaldifferent human inherited diseases. Certain types of TNREsproduce a long stretch of the amino acid glutamine within theencoded protein. When a TNRE exerts its detrimental effect byproducing a glutamine stretch, are the following statements true orfalse?A. The TNRE is within the coding sequence of the gene.B. The TNRE prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing thegene properly.C. The trinucleotide sequence is CAG.D. The trinucleotide sequence is CCG.