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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The effect to
Concept Introduction:
If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary
This nuclear reaction can be represented by
The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.
(b)
Interpretation:
The effect to mass number of parent nuclide when beta decay takes place has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.
This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.
The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Polonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, 210Po, has 82 protons and 128 neutrons. When 210Po decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons). 210Po decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. For example, they can be stopped by a single sheet of paper or a few inches of air. That is one reason that authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of 210Po in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of 210Po become after it emits an alpha particle?arrow_forwardFor 42He*2 The atomic number is f and there are are protons. The mass number is and there are nucleons. There are neutrons. The charge is and there are are electrons. This radiation is called a. alpha b. beta C. gamma d. 0 е. 1 f. 2 g. 3 h. 4 i. 5 j. 6arrow_forwardWhat is the unknown isotope in the following fission reaction: n + 235U → 131I + ? + 3nA. 86Rb B. 102Rb C. 89Y D. 102Yarrow_forward
- How can a nucleus emit an electron during B decay when there are no electrons present in the nucleus to begin with?arrow_forwardCarbon-14 is a radioactive material. It contains 6 protons and 8 neutrons. During the process of Carbon-14 decay, one of its 8 neutrons becomes a proton and an electron is formed in the process. Based on this information, select all that apply. The mass number is unchanged by the decay of Carbon-14. The mass number is changed by the decay of Carbon-14. After decay the atom is still Carbon. After decay the atom is not Carbon.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. nucleic acid b. nucleotide c. purine d. pyrimidine e. deoxyribosearrow_forward
- An isotope of sodium (Na) has a mass number of 22. How many neutrons does it have?a. 11b. 12c. 22d. 44arrow_forwardWhat is a proton? A. A negatively charged particle B. A positively charged particle C. An element on the periodic table D. Any particle found in the nucleusarrow_forwardwhat is a isotopearrow_forward
- 8) Which of the following is NOT a use for isotopes discussed in class? a. Diagnosing Cancer b. Killing Cancer cells c. Explosive demolition d.Tracking environmental changearrow_forwardPolonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, P210o, has 84 protons and 126 neutrons. When P210o decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus 2 protons and 2 neutrons. P210o decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. For example, they can be stopped by a single sheet of paper or a few inches of air. That is one reason why authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of P210o in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of P210o change into after it emits an alpha particle.arrow_forwardPolonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, 210Po, has 82 protons and 128 neutrons. When 210Po decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons). 210Po decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. They can be stopped by, for example, a sheet of paper or a few inches of air. This property is one reason why authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of 210Po in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of 210Po decay into after it emits an alpha particle?arrow_forward
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