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(a)
Interpretation:
Whether nitrogen-14 and
Concept Introduction:
If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary
The isotopes are designated to describe different atoms of the same element. To represent a nuclide various notations are used. All notation uses mass number and atomic number or mass number alone. Three types of notations are used. For example, nitrogen atom that contains mass number as 15 is designated as
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether Al-27 and
Concept Introduction:
If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particles inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that have different mass number while nuclide refer to atom of same or different elements with specific atomic number and same mass number.
The isotopes are designated to describe different atoms of the same element. To represent a nuclide various notations are used. All notation uses mass number and atomic number or mass number alone. Three types of notations are used. For example, nitrogen atom that contains mass number as 15 is designated as
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether chlorine-35 and Cl-35 denote the same nuclide or not has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particles inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that have different mass number while nuclide refer to atom of same or different elements with specific atomic number and same mass number.
The isotopes are designated to describe different atoms of the same element. To represent a nuclide various notations are used. All notation uses mass number and atomic number or mass number alone. Three types of notations are used. For example, nitrogen atom that contains mass number as 15 is designated as
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether O-18 and (18 protons + 18 neutrons) denote the same nuclide or not has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particles inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that have different mass number while nuclide refer to atom of same or different elements with specific atomic number and same mass number.
The isotopes are designated to describe different atoms of the same element. To represent a nuclide various notations are used. All notation uses mass number and atomic number or mass number alone. Three types of notations are used. For example, nitrogen atom that contains mass number as 15 is designated as
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Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Do a web search to identify each of the following elements>isotopes and indicate the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in an atom of the element>isotope:arrow_forwardPolonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, 210Po, has 82 protons and 128 neutrons. When 210Po decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons). 210Po decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. For example, they can be stopped by a single sheet of paper or a few inches of air. That is one reason that authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of 210Po in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of 210Po become after it emits an alpha particle?arrow_forwardPolonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, 210Po, has 82 protons and 128 neutrons. When 210Po decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons). 210Po decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. They can be stopped by, for example, a sheet of paper or a few inches of air. This property is one reason why authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of 210Po in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of 210Po decay into after it emits an alpha particle?arrow_forward
- Magnesium has an atomic number of 12. Which of the following statements is true of a neutral magnesium atom? a. It has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 12 neutrons. b. It has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and six neutrons. c. It has six protons, six electrons, and no neutrons. d. It has six protons, six electrons, and six neutrons.arrow_forwardAn isotope of sodium (Na) has a mass number of 22. How many neutrons does it have? a. 11 b. 12 c. 22 d. 44arrow_forwardPolonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, 210Po, has 82 protons and 128 neutrons. When 210Po decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons). 210Po decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. They can be stopped by, for example, a sheet of paper or a few inches of air. This property is one reason why authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of 210Po in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of 210Po decay into after it emits an alpha particle?arrow_forward
- Polonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, P210o, has 84 protons and 126 neutrons. When P210o decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus 2 protons and 2 neutrons. P210o decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. For example, they can be stopped by a single sheet of paper or a few inches of air. That is one reason why authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of P210o in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of P210o change into after it emits an alpha particle.arrow_forwardLook up the valence electron configuration, covalent atomic radius, effective nuclear charge, first ionization energy and Pauling electronegativity in Chapter 8 (tables are attached). Examine the above data and answer the following questions. a) Explain why some of the elements like TI and Pb on the lower left of the p block are metallic. b) Explain why some of the elements like C, Si in the center of the p block form covalent bonds. Explain why these bonds formed by the network of these elements (as studied in Chapter 25) tend to be unreactive. c) Explain why the noble Group 8A elements are highly unreactive gases. d) Explain why some elements like F, CI, Br etc, on the upper right of the p block are highly reactive nonmetals.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. nucleic acid b. nucleotide c. purine d. pyrimidine e. deoxyribosearrow_forward
- Many radioactive isotopes are used in medicine for imaging and treatment purposes. The specific isotopes used depends on the particular organ or body system being studied (for example, Xe-133 is used to image lung function and blood flow.) Technetium-99m is a common radioactive isotope using for a variety of medical applications. It is produced from the decay of Molybdenum-99 and has a half-life of 6.01 hours. What are some of the applications of Tc-99m? While harder to access, another radioactive isotope of technetium, Tc-93, has a half-life of 2.73 hours. If it were easier to harvest, would this be a good substitute for Tc-99m? (remember to explain why for full credit) While Tc-99m has a half-life of 6.01 hours, its decay product has a half-life of 213,000 years. While the medical community considers it to be reasonably safe, within the limits of testing, does this make sense considering both chemical and biological principles? What are possible ways that you might deal with or…arrow_forwardWhat if there are a different number of Neutrons? Sometimes elements have a different number of neutrons than usual, so therefore have a different atomic mass. This is what we call an Isotope (a variant form of an element which has the same number of protons but a differing number of neutrons). Sometimes we’ll see Isotopes labeled with their new mass like this: 14C = this is Carbon 14. Notice it has a different mass than what is on your periodic table The average mass of all the isotopes is defined as an element’s Atomic Weight. Can you answer questions about these Isotopes? ELEMENT ATOMIC MASS NUMBER OF PROTONS NUMBER OF NEUTRONS 14C A B C 15N D E F 2H G H I Use your table to look up the number of protons, remember that never changes!arrow_forwardA principal shell with a value of n=3 would contain s,p,d, and f orbitals true or falsearrow_forward
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