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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The particle X has to be identified if fusion of two helium-3 nuclei gives X and two protons.
Concept Introduction:
If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary
This nuclear reaction can be represented by
Nuclear fission reaction is the one in which a large nucleus gets split up into two medium-sized nuclei with more free neutrons and a huge amount of energy. The word “fission” itself mean that it is splitting.
Nuclear fusion reactions are the one in which a large nucleus is formed from two small nucleus with release of huge amount of energy. For a nuclear fusion reaction to occur a very high temperature is required.
(b)
Interpretation:
The particle X has to be identified if particle X fuses with lithium-7 to give two alpha particles and a neutron.
Concept Introduction:
If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.
This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.
Nuclear fission reaction is the one in which a large nucleus gets split up into two medium-sized nuclei with more free neutrons and a huge amount of energy. The word “fission” itself mean that it is splitting.
Nuclear fusion reactions are the one in which a large nucleus is formed from two small nucleus with release of huge amount of energy. For a nuclear fusion reaction to occur a very high temperature is required.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Smoke detectors in homes and apartments contain Am-241, which undergoes alpha decay. What is the abbreviated symbol of the "daughter nuclide" produced in the nuclear reaction? Hint: atomic number of Am is 95. A. a particle B. Pu-237 C. Am-237 D. He - 4 Е. Np-237arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. radiationless decay b. P700 c. P680 d. c = λv e. UVarrow_forwardThe radioactive isotope Yttrium-90 (Y-90, Z=39), a beta emitter, is used in cancer treatment and as a colloidal injection into large joints to relieve the pain of arthritis. What is the abbreviated formula of the "daughter nuclide" produced in the nuclear reaction? A. none of the above B. Zn - 90 C. Br - 88 D. Y- 90 E. Zr - 90arrow_forward
- The energy released from fission is about 200 MeV per fission event or 3.2-10-11 J per 235U nucleus. The fission of 1 g of 235U generates about 1 MW of thermal power; thus, a reactor that contains 1 kg of 235U fuel generates about 1 GW (109 W). If the reactor core is immersed in a heat bath containing 8.7.105 liters of water (12 m x 6 m x 12 m) initially at 25°C, how long will it take for the water to begin to boil off? Assume that the heat capacity of water is constant and that there is no heat lost from the reactor coolant to the surroundings.arrow_forwardThe decay of an isotope element follows a first-order reaction. Assuming that you start with 964 mg of the isotope element sample, after 39.4 hours of decay, you find that there is 275 mg of the sample remaining. What is the half-life time of this reaction?arrow_forwardWhat is the unknown isotope in the following fission reaction: n + 235U → 131I + ? + 3nA. 86Rb B. 102Rb C. 89Y D. 102Yarrow_forward
- The half-life of 1311 is 8.04 days. (a) Convert the half-life to seconds. (b) Calculate the decay constant for this isotope. s-1 (c) Convert 0.550 µCi to the SI unit the becquerel. |Bq (d) Find the number of 1311 nuclei necessary to produce a sample with an activity of 0.550 μCi. | 1311 nuclei (e) Suppose the activity of a certain 131I sample is 7.10 mCi at a given time. Find the number of half-lives the sample goes through in 40.2 d and the activity at the end of that period. (Enter your answer for the number of half-lives to at least one decimal place.) half-lives mCiarrow_forwardHow many half-lives would have to elapse for a sample of a radioactive isotope to decrease from an activity of 224 cpm to an activity of 7 cpm?arrow_forwardQ7) A biological tissue of mass m is exposed to 90 rad of alpha radiation. How many rads of slow neutrons can cause the same biological damage to the same tissues? (For alpha RBE=20, for slow neutrons RBE = 5). A) 20 B) 100 C) 90 D) 360 E) 1800 Crodius rarrow_forward
- Many radioactive isotopes are used in medicine for imaging and treatment purposes. The specific isotopes used depends on the particular organ or body system being studied (for example, Xe-133 is used to image lung function and blood flow.) Technetium-99m is a common radioactive isotope using for a variety of medical applications. It is produced from the decay of Molybdenum-99 and has a half-life of 6.01 hours. What are some of the applications of Tc-99m? While harder to access, another radioactive isotope of technetium, Tc-93, has a half-life of 2.73 hours. If it were easier to harvest, would this be a good substitute for Tc-99m? (remember to explain why for full credit) While Tc-99m has a half-life of 6.01 hours, its decay product has a half-life of 213,000 years. While the medical community considers it to be reasonably safe, within the limits of testing, does this make sense considering both chemical and biological principles? What are possible ways that you might deal with or…arrow_forwardExplain how the type of decay, the half life and the chemical properties make the following radionuclides suitable for the given applications: A single gram of polonium will reach a temperature of 500°C making it useful as a source of heat for space equipment (α emitter, half lives of polonium isotopes range from less than a second to 200 years).arrow_forwardIf there is 10 μmol of the radioactive isotope 32P (half-life 14 days) at t = 0, how much 32P will remain at (a) 7 days, (b) 14 days, (c) 21 days, and (d) 70 days?arrow_forward
- Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337711067Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna BalacPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
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