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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Small nuclei combining together to form large nucleus is in which nuclear process has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Nuclear reactions can be further classified into two additional types. They are nuclear fusion reaction and nuclear fission reaction. These are used as source of energy.
Nuclear fission reaction is the one in which a large nucleus gets split up into two medium-sized nuclei with more free neutrons and a huge amount of energy. The word “fission” itself mean that it is splitting.
Nuclear fusion reactions are the one in which a large nucleus is formed from two small nucleus with release of huge amount of energy. For a nuclear fusion reaction to occur a very high temperature is required.
(b)
Interpretation:
Two intermediate-sized nuclei produced by splitting of large nucleus is more closely related to which nuclear reaction process has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Nuclear reactions can be further classified into two additional types. They are nuclear fusion reaction and nuclear fission reaction. These are used as source of energy.
Nuclear fission reaction is the one in which a large nucleus gets split up into two medium-sized nuclei with more free neutrons and a huge amount of energy. The word “fission” itself mean that it is splitting.
Nuclear fusion reactions are the one in which a large nucleus is formed from two small nucleus with release of huge amount of energy. For a nuclear fusion reaction to occur a very high temperature is required.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- The radioactive isotope Yttrium-90 (Y-90, Z=39), a beta emitter, is used in cancer treatment and as a colloidal injection into large joints to relieve the pain of arthritis. What is the abbreviated formula of the "daughter nuclide" produced in the nuclear reaction? A. none of the above B. Zn - 90 C. Br - 88 D. Y- 90 E. Zr - 90arrow_forwardQ7) A biological tissue of mass m is exposed to 90 rad of alpha radiation. How many rads of slow neutrons can cause the same biological damage to the same tissues? (For alpha RBE=20, for slow neutrons RBE = 5). A) 20 B) 100 C) 90 D) 360 E) 1800 Crodius rarrow_forwardMany radioactive isotopes are used in medicine for imaging and treatment purposes. The specific isotopes used depends on the particular organ or body system being studied (for example, Xe-133 is used to image lung function and blood flow.) Technetium-99m is a common radioactive isotope using for a variety of medical applications. It is produced from the decay of Molybdenum-99 and has a half-life of 6.01 hours. What are some of the applications of Tc-99m? While harder to access, another radioactive isotope of technetium, Tc-93, has a half-life of 2.73 hours. If it were easier to harvest, would this be a good substitute for Tc-99m? (remember to explain why for full credit) While Tc-99m has a half-life of 6.01 hours, its decay product has a half-life of 213,000 years. While the medical community considers it to be reasonably safe, within the limits of testing, does this make sense considering both chemical and biological principles? What are possible ways that you might deal with or…arrow_forward
- Discuss which of the following factors you consider is more important for radiation: quality, quantity, primary versus remnant (exit), thickness of body part or type of tissue (atomic number). Justify your answer. Explain in your post how the x-ray is produced. As you describe the process, be sure to identify what is the source of free electrons, and define the concepts of electron acceleration, focusing of electrons, electron deceleration, target interactions, and Bremsstrahlung radiation in terms of their relation to the process. Also, describe the photon interaction with matter in relation to the Compton effect, photoelectric absorption, coherent (classical) scatter, and attenuation by various tissues. Explain the characteristic of the x-ray beam with respect to the frequency and wavelength.arrow_forwardAssume that you list the following types of electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing wavelength: () the gamma rays produced by a radioactive nuclide used in medical imaging: (ii) radiation from an FM radio station at 93.1 MHz on the dial; (iii) a radio signal from an AM radio station at 680 kHz on the dial; (iv) the yellow light from sodium vapor streetlights; (v) the red light of a light-emitting diode. Which one would be the second? Lütfen birini seçin: O a 680 kHz AM radio waves O b. the red light O c the yellow light O d. 93.1 MHz FM radio waves O e the gamma raysarrow_forwardTechnetium-99m (99m Tc) is a radioactive isotope commonly used in medical diagnosis. It emits gamma rays with a half-life of 6.0058 hours. A sample with activity 8.5 × 108 Bq is injected into a patient What percentage of this activity will remain after 28 hours? Give your answer as a percentage to 1 decimal place. Percentage of activity remaining: %arrow_forward
- Find the approximate radiation dose (in mSv) for 0.1 Gy exposure to thermal neutrons. (Hint: relative biological effectiveness for various types of radiation can be found in Table 32.2 in the text.) A range of answers is acceptable.arrow_forwardThe delay phase constitutes... A) There is no change in number, but there is an increase in mass B) Change in number, but decrease in mass C) No change in number and decrease in massarrow_forwardThe decay of an isotope element follows a first-order reaction. Assuming that you start with 964 mg of the isotope element sample, after 39.4 hours of decay, you find that there is 275 mg of the sample remaining. What is the half-life time of this reaction?arrow_forward
- If there is 10 μmol of the radioactive isotope 32P (half-life 14 days) at t = 0, how much 32P will remain at (a) 7 days, (b) 14 days, (c) 21 days, and (d) 70 days?arrow_forwardThe energy released from fission is about 200 MeV per fission event or 3.2-10-11 J per 235U nucleus. The fission of 1 g of 235U generates about 1 MW of thermal power; thus, a reactor that contains 1 kg of 235U fuel generates about 1 GW (109 W). If the reactor core is immersed in a heat bath containing 8.7.105 liters of water (12 m x 6 m x 12 m) initially at 25°C, how long will it take for the water to begin to boil off? Assume that the heat capacity of water is constant and that there is no heat lost from the reactor coolant to the surroundings.arrow_forwardAt the beginning of an experiment, a scientist has 268 grams of radioactive goo. After 180 minutes, her sample has decayed to 4.1875 grams.What is the half-life of the goo in minutes? Find a formula for G(t)G(t), the amount of goo remaining at time tt. How many grams of goo will remain after 32 minutes?arrow_forward
- Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337711067Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna BalacPublisher:Cengage Learning
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