Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Equation for berylllum-9 bombarded with an alpha particle giving neutron as product has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation. This is a natural transmutation reaction where the nuclide of one element is converted into nuclide of another element. Radioactive decay happens naturally. This can also be done artificially in the laboratory by means of bombardment reaction. Bombardment reaction is the one where the target nuclei is hit by a small fast moving high-energy particle to give a daughter nuclide and a small particle such as proton or neutron. This can be represented in form of a
(b)
Interpretation:
Equation for sodium-23 bombarded with a hydrogen-2 giving neon-21 as product has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation. This is a natural transmutation reaction where the nuclide of one element is converted into nuclide of another element. Radioactive decay happens naturally. This can also be done artificially in the laboratory by means of bombardment reaction. Bombardment reaction is the one where the target nuclei is hit by a small fast moving high-energy particle to give a daughter nuclide and a small particle such as proton or neutron. This can be represented in form of a nuclear equation. A balanced nuclear equation is the one in which the sum of subscripts on both sides are equal and sum of superscripts on both sides are equal.
(c)
Interpretation:
Equation for cadmium-113 giving cadmium-114 and gamma ray on bombardment with a small particle has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation. This is a natural transmutation reaction where the nuclide of one element is converted into nuclide of another element. Radioactive decay happens naturally. This can also be done artificially in the laboratory by means of bombardment reaction. Bombardment reaction is the one where the target nuclei is hit by a small fast moving high-energy particle to give a daughter nuclide and a small particle such as proton or neutron. This can be represented in form of a nuclear equation. A balanced nuclear equation is the one in which the sum of subscripts on both sides are equal and sum of superscripts on both sides are equal.
(d)
Interpretation:
Equation for bombarding a nuclide with alpha particle that gives phosphorus-30 and neutron has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation. This is a natural transmutation reaction where the nuclide of one element is converted into nuclide of another element. Radioactive decay happens naturally. This can also be done artificially in the laboratory by means of bombardment reaction. Bombardment reaction is the one where the target nuclei is hit by a small fast moving high-energy particle to give a daughter nuclide and a small particle such as proton or neutron. This can be represented in form of a nuclear equation. A balanced nuclear equation is the one in which the sum of subscripts on both sides are equal and sum of superscripts on both sides are equal.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Radioactivity is a phenomenon of the spontaneous emission of: A. protons (alpha particles) B. electrons (beta particles) C. gamma rays (short wave electromagnetic waves) D. All of the abovearrow_forwardWrite the nuclear equation for the positron decay of C-11.arrow_forwardThe decay of an isotope element follows a first-order reaction. Assuming that you start with 964 mg of the isotope element sample, after 39.4 hours of decay, you find that there is 275 mg of the sample remaining. What is the half-life time of this reaction?arrow_forward
- 238. 234. 14) Uranium-238 ( 92") decays to form thorium-234 ( 90 h) with a half-life of 4.5 x 10° years. How many years will it take for 75% of the uranium-238 to decay? а) 9.0х 10 years с) 9.0х10° years b) 4.5 x 10° years d). 3.8 х 10° усаrsarrow_forwardExplain how the type of decay, the half life and the chemical properties make the following radionuclides suitable for the given applications: A single gram of polonium will reach a temperature of 500°C making it useful as a source of heat for space equipment (α emitter, half lives of polonium isotopes range from less than a second to 200 years).arrow_forwardAssume that you list the following types of electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing wavelength: () the gamma rays produced by a radioactive nuclide used in medical imaging: (ii) radiation from an FM radio station at 93.1 MHz on the dial; (iii) a radio signal from an AM radio station at 680 kHz on the dial; (iv) the yellow light from sodium vapor streetlights; (v) the red light of a light-emitting diode. Which one would be the second? Lütfen birini seçin: O a 680 kHz AM radio waves O b. the red light O c the yellow light O d. 93.1 MHz FM radio waves O e the gamma raysarrow_forward
- The half-life of 1311 is 8.04 days. (a) Convert the half-life to seconds. (b) Calculate the decay constant for this isotope. s-1 (c) Convert 0.550 µCi to the SI unit the becquerel. |Bq (d) Find the number of 1311 nuclei necessary to produce a sample with an activity of 0.550 μCi. | 1311 nuclei (e) Suppose the activity of a certain 131I sample is 7.10 mCi at a given time. Find the number of half-lives the sample goes through in 40.2 d and the activity at the end of that period. (Enter your answer for the number of half-lives to at least one decimal place.) half-lives mCiarrow_forwardA 10.00 mg sample of technetium-93 (92.91024898 u) is used to heat 125.4 g of water from 23.4 degree C to 87.4 degree C. How many minutes will be required to heat the water if all of the energy generated from the decay is used to heat the water?arrow_forwardIf you have a sample of unknown composition, a first step at analysis might be a determination of the masses of the atoms and molecules in the sample. A mass spectrometer to make such an analysis can take various forms, but for many years the best technique was to determine the masses of ionized atoms and molecules in a sample by observing their circular paths in a uniform magnetic field, as illustrated is shown. A sample to be analyzed is vaporized, then singly ionized. The ions are accelerated through an electric field, and ions of a known speed selected. These ions travel into a region of uniform magnetic field, where they follow circular paths. An exit slit allows ions that have followed a particular path to be counted by a detector, producing a record of the masses of the particles in the sample. The moving ions can be thought of as a current loop, and it will produce its own magnetic field. The direction of this field at the center of the particles’ circular orbit isA. In the…arrow_forward
- Write balanced nuclear equations for the following:(a) β⁻ decay of sodium-26(b) β⁻ decay of francium-223(c) Alpha decay of ²¹²₈₃Biarrow_forwardPolonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, 210Po, has 82 protons and 128 neutrons. When 210Po decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons). 210Po decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. For example, they can be stopped by a single sheet of paper or a few inches of air. That is one reason that authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of 210Po in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of 210Po become after it emits an alpha particle?arrow_forwardPolonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, 210Po, has 82 protons and 128 neutrons. When 210Po decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons). 210Po decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. They can be stopped by, for example, a sheet of paper or a few inches of air. This property is one reason why authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of 210Po in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of 210Po decay into after it emits an alpha particle?arrow_forward
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