Do lizards play a role in spreading plant seeds? Some research carried out in South Africa would suggest so (“Dispersal of Namaqua Fig [Ficus cordata cordata] Seeds by the Augrabies Flat Lizard [Platysaurus broadleyi]” Journal of Herpetology [1999]: 328–330). The researchers collected 400 seeds of this particular type of fig, 100 of which were from each treatment: lizard dung, bird dung, rock hyrax dung, and uneaten figs. They planted these seeds in batches of 5, and for each group of 5 they recorded how many of the seeds germinated. This resulted in 20 observations for each treatment. The treatment
- a. Construct the appropriate ANOVA table, and test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the means for the number of seeds germinating for the four treatments.
- b. Is there evidence that seeds eaten and then excreted by lizards germinate at a higher rate, on average, than those eaten and then excreted by birds? Give statistical evidence to support your answer.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
- Dean for student affairs of a small university is worried about students’ expenditure on internet expense during the period study from home since this Covid-19 outbreak. Especially she wants to know whether students of social sciences spend more compared to students from science and technology. As a quick and preliminary study, she collected a sample of 9 students from science and technology and 11 students from social sciences. Total spending for internet is in Rp0000 during the month of April 2029. The results are presented in the following table. Questions: 1. Explain whether you can or cannot use normal approach to the case. 2. Conduct the test by showing formal steps in hypothesis test (design, decision rule, statistical test, and conclusion) at α = 0.05arrow_forwardAn electrical engineer wishes to determine if, among two specific municipal buildings in town, Building “North” and Building “South”, whether the tensile strength of pipes (in psi) is not the same in each of these two buildings. A sample of pipes was chosen at random from both Building “North” and Building “South”, respectively. Using α = 0.05, which of the following statistical test, or parameter, would be best for determining whether tensile strength of pipes (in psi) is not the same in each of these two buildings? (Assume all statistical assumptions met.) a) Binomial Distribution b) Population Difference in Means (i.e., Unpaired Data) c) The Chi-Squared Test of Independence d) Population Mean Difference (i.e., Paired Data)arrow_forwardIn a study of a group of women science majors who remained in their profession and a group who left their profession within a few months of graduation, the researchers collected the data shown here on a self-esteem questionnaire. Leavers Stayers1 = 3.05 2 = 2.92σ1 = 0.71 σ2 = 0.71n1 = 100 n2 = 227At α = 0.05, can it be concluded that there is a difference in the self-esteem scores of the two groups? Use the P-value method.arrow_forward
- A group of high-risk automobile drivers (with three moving violations in one year) are required, according to random assignment, either to attend a traffic school or to perform supervised volunteer work. During the subsequent five-year period, these same drivers were cited for the following number of moving violations: NUMBER OF MOVING VIOLATIONS TRAFFIC SCHOOL VOLUNTEER WORK 0 26 0 7 15 4 9 1 7 1 0 14 2 6 23 10 7 8 Why might the Mann–Whitney U test be preferred to the t test for these data? Use U to test the null hypothesis at the .05 level of significance. Specify the approximate p-value for this test result.arrow_forward1. In the book Design and Analysis of Experiments, 8th edition (2012, John Wiley & Sons), the results of an experiment involving a storage battery used in the launching mechanism of a shoulder-fired ground-to-air missile were presented. Three material types can be used to make the battery plates. The objective is to design a battery that is relatively unaffected by the ambient temperature. The output response from the battery is effective life in hours. Three temperature levels are selected, and a factorial experiment with four replicates is run. The data are as follows: Table 11.(a) Test the appropriate hypotheses and draw conclusions using the analysis ether either firing temperature or furnace position affects the baked density of a carbon anode. The data are as follows: Table 12.(a) State the hypotheses of interest. (b) Test the hypotheses in part (a) using the analysis of variance with a = 0.05. What are your conclusions? (c) Analyze the residuals from this experiment. (d)…arrow_forwardA District manager kept track of the sales of 14 stores before the start of an advertisement campaign and after the sales campaign. Check for significant gains in sales at the 0.05 alpha level. State the hypothesis that you are checking. Summarize your results. Store number Daily sales: Pre-sales campaign Daily sales: Post-sales campaign 1 $10,000 $7,000 2 $9,000 $7,500 3 $8,500 $8,000 4 $8,000 $8,500 5 $9,000 $8,500 6 $10,000 $7,500 7 $9,000 $8,000 8 $8,000 $8,500 9 $8,500 $9,000 10 $9,000 $9,500 11 $11,000 $10,000 12 $10,000 $11,000 13 $8,000 $11,500 14 $7,000 $12,000arrow_forward
- You are using a z-test to test H0: u=413 vs Ha: u<413 at the a=.1 level. What would the rejection region be for this test?arrow_forwardIn a breeding experiment, chicken with white feathers, small comb were mated and the offspring categories white feathers, small comb (WS), white feathers. large comb (WL), dark feathers, small comb (DS) and dark feathers, large comb (DL) were expected to follow the ratio 9:3:3:1 the researcher observed that there were 100 WS, 32 WL, 40 DS and 20 DL offspring. In order to test if the observed frequencies follow the expected ratio, what should be the hull hypothesis?A. P(WS) = 100/192, P(WL) = 32/192, P(DS) = 40/192 , P(DL) = 20/192 B. P(WS) = 100 , P(WL) = 32, P(DS) = 40, P(DL) = 20 C. P(WS) = 9/16 , P(WL) = 3/16, P(DS) = 3/16, P(DL) = 1/16 D. P(WS) = 9, P(WL) = 3, P(DS) = 3 , P(DL) = 1 2. In Problem 1, what would be the degree of freedom for an appropriate test?A.2 B.3 C.4 D.1 3. What is the value of the computed test statistic in problem 1? A.7.81 B.3.84 C.6.81 D.5.99 5.What would be the p-value for this test in problem 1? A.0.28 B.0.05 C.0.08 D. 0.11 6. At 5-% level of significance,…arrow_forwardConsider the following measurements of blood hemoglobin concentrations (in g/dL) from three human populations at different geographic locations: population1 = [ 14.7 , 15.22, 15.28, 16.58, 15.10 ] population2 = [ 15.66, 15.91, 14.41, 14.73, 15.09] population3 = [ 17.12, 16.42, 16.43, 17.33] What is the standard error of the difference between the means of population 2 and population 3, needed to calculate the Tukey-Kramer q-statistic? What is the Tukey-Kramer q-statistic for populations 2 and 3? (Report the absolute value, if you get a negative number, multiply by -1)arrow_forward
- In a study of chromosomal anomalies observed in a randomly selected sample of 1200 infertile men with either a zero or low sperm count, a team of researchers assigned the value of 1 for the presence of any chromosomal anomaly in the subject's sperm and the value of 0 for the absence of all chromosomal anomalies in the subject's sperm.Of the 600 men with zero sperm count, 48 had chromosomal anomalies. Of the 600 men with low sperm count, 15 had chromosomal anomalies. The researchers would like to test the hypothesesHo: P1 = P2Ha: P1 does not equal P2where p₁ the true proportion of all men with zero sperm count that have chromosomal anomalies and p₂ = the true proportion of all men with low sperm count that have chromosomal anomalies.What is the z standardized test statistic, for this test?arrow_forward19. A local brewery produces three premium lagers named Half Pint, XXX, and Dark Knight. Of its premium lagers, the brewery bottles 40% Half Pint, 40% XXX, and 20% Dark Knight. In a marketing test of a sample of 80 consumers, 26 preferred the Half Pint lager, 42 preferred the XXX lager, and 12 preferred the Dark Night lager. Using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, test whether the production of the premium lagers matches these consumer preferences using a .05 level of significance. 19a. Step 2: Compute the df and locate the critical values. df = _______ Critical value = ________arrow_forward19. A local brewery produces three premium lagers named Half Pint, XXX, and Dark Knight. Of its premium lagers, the brewery bottles 40% Half Pint, 40% XXX, and 20% Dark Knight. In a marketing test of a sample of 80 consumers, 26 preferred the Half Pint lager, 42 preferred the XXX lager, and 12 preferred the Dark Night lager. Using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, test whether the production of the premium lagers matches these consumer preferences using a .05 level of significance. 19. Step 1: Which of the following is the correct set of hypotheses?A. H0: The preferences will not match production (40% Half Pint, 40% XXX, 20% Dark Knight); and H1: The preferences will match production B. H0: \mu_{1}μ1 = \mu_{2}μ2 = \mu_{3}μ3; and H1: At least one of the categories will be different than the others C. H0: The preferences will match production (40% Half Pint, 40% XXX, 20% Dark Knight); and H1: The preferences will not match production 19b. Step 2: Compute the df and locate the…arrow_forward
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