Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 20TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Translation, also called as decoding process, is the process of synthesis of proteins or polypeptide chains. The information from messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is used to build up a protein. In the ribosome, the mRNA is decoded to produce a specific chain of amino acid.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following would explain the formation of double-stranded loops in tRNA?
A. complementary base pairing
B. steric interactions between the aromatic rings of the purine bases
C. electronic interactions between the negatively-charged phosphate groups
D. change in the conformation of the rings of the sugars
amino acids are covalently linked to tRNAs via what
a) phosphodiester bond
b) premature termination of translation
c) anticodon-codon base pairing
d) aminoacyl bond
e) N-glycosidic bond
The peptide bond formation
a. occurs when two tRNAs are located inside the P and A site in the ribosome
b. occurs when the anticodon recognizes the codon
c. occurs when two tRNAs come in close proximity in the cell
d. occurs with the help of the tRNAase enzyme
Chapter 17 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 17 - a. In what three ways does RNA differ from DNA? b....Ch. 17 - Prob. 2IQCh. 17 - Prob. 3IQCh. 17 - How does the mRNA that leaves the nucleus differ...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5IQCh. 17 - In the following diagrams of polypeptide...Ch. 17 - What determines if a ribosome becomes bound to the...Ch. 17 - Define the following terms and explain what type...Ch. 17 - You have been introduced to several types of RNA...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2SYK
Ch. 17 - What is the genetic code? Explain redundancy and...Ch. 17 - Prepare a concept map showing the types and...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 17 - Transcription involves the transfer of information...Ch. 17 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 17 - Which of the following is a statement of the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 17 - Which of the following is true of RNA processing?...Ch. 17 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 17 - What type of bonding is responsible for...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 24TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 25TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 26TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 27TYKCh. 17 - Prob. 28TYK
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- The codon UUU in an mRNA molecule which results in phenylalanine being inserted as the protein is made. Which will be a characteristic of this codon? a. The tRNA molecule that binds to the UUU codon must have an AAA anticodon. Nde ba e2? b. UUU could code for both phenylalanine and alanine during translation. c. The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase for phenylalanine binds only the UUU codon. d. UUU is probably only one of several codons that code for phenylalanine.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes tRNA? a. Provides the instructions for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide b. Complexes with ribosomal proteins to form ribosomes c. Used for eukaryotic RNA processing d. Transports amino acids to ribosomes during translationarrow_forwardthe chemical group responsible for nucleophilic attack in translational elongation is a) free alpha-NH2 group on amino acid of A site aminocyal tRNA b) the 3=hydroxyl on the 3' end ribose c) the oxygen on the alpha phosphate of the incoming NTP d) the 5= hydroxyl on the 5' end deoxyribose e) an oxyanion on the Y-phosphate of the dNTParrow_forward
- The Kozak rules determine a. the choice of the start codon in complex eukaryotes. b. the choice of the start codon in bacteria. c. the site in the mRNA where translation ends. d. how fast the mRNA is translated.arrow_forwardA particular tRNA is mutated so that the amino acid attachment cannot bind with the aminoacyl-tRNA synthase. What happens when an mRNA transcript contains the codon for this tRNA? A. The tRNA will not bind to this codon. B. Translation stops and the protein is released. C The wrong tRNA is added to the protein chain. D. Translation stops and the protein remains bound to the ribosome.arrow_forwardTranslation of the dna sequence AAGCTGGGA would result in: A) a DNA strand with the base sequence TTCGACCCT B) an mRNA strand with the sequence TTCGACCCT C) a sequence of three amino acids linked by peptide bonds D) an mRNA strand with the sequence UUGCACCCUarrow_forward
- Aminoacyl-tRNA is a key player in the translation process. Which of the following is the ONE component of this molecule that is unique? A. the codon B. the anticodon C. the amino acid D. the amino acid attachment sitearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the initiation of translation? A) The large and small ribosomal subunits scan the mRNA in the 3'–5' direction until the promoter is reached. B) A tRNA with the anticodon, AUG, enters the ribosomal complex and binds to the mRNA at the A site. C) The mRNA containing the start codon, AUG, sits at the P site and forms a complex with the corresponding tRNA, and the large and small ribosomal subunits. D) The mRNA attaches to the large ribosomal subunit and once the start codon reaches the A site, the tRNA binds and the small subunit completes the complex.arrow_forwardThe role of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to match a codon (3 bases) in mRNA sequence to: A. An amino acid B. A peptide bond C. An R group D. A start codonarrow_forward
- Which of the following is true about tRNA? Select one: A. All tRNAs have a CCA sequence at the 3'-end. B. All tRNAs have a CCG sequence at the 5'-end. C. All tRNAs have a CAC sequence at the 3'-end. D. All tRNAs have a CCA sequence at the 5'-end. E. All tRNAs have a CCG sequence at the 3'-end.arrow_forwardIf we watched a eukaryotic cell initiate translation, one of the first things we would see is a. The small ribosomal subunit binding to the cap b. The formation of the 70s initiation complex c. The small ribosomal subunit binding to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence d. The formation of the 80s initiation complexarrow_forwardThere are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. This is best explained by the fact that A. some tRNAs have anticodons that recognize two or more different codons. B. the rules for base pairing between the third base of a codon and tRNA are flexible. C. many codons are never used, so the tRNAs that recognize them are dispensable. D. A and B only E. A, B, and Carrow_forward
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