Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 11PDQ
In 1998, future Nobel laureates Andrew Fire and Craig Mello, and colleagues, published an article in Nature entitled, “Potent and Specific Genetic Interference by Double-Stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans.” Explain how RNAi is both “potent and specific.”
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The PIC is highly conserved among species, from yeast to humans. Why is the positioning of the first TFII protein so important for proper transcription of the gene?
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The figure below shows RNA-Seq data (RED) for the D. melanogaster transformer (tra) gene obtained from both adult female and male fruit flies.
The blue lines indicate the tra gene structure, with thicker lines indicating exons, and thin lines introns.
The 5' end of the gene is on the left, and the 3' end of the gene is on the right.
Based on these data, the most likely conclusion is:
Males and females express identical isoforms of tra
Males express more tra RNA than females
The female isoform has fewer amino acids
The female isoform has more amino acids
The male and female isoforms have different 3'UTRs
Chapter 18 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 18 - Some mutations in the tra gene of Drosophila cause...Ch. 18 - Some scientists use the analogy that the...Ch. 18 - Consider the example that actin mRNA localization...Ch. 18 - What is alternative splicing, where does it occur,...Ch. 18 - What role might the expanded tri- and...Ch. 18 - DM1 is characterized by a phenomenon known as...Ch. 18 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 18 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 18 - List three types of alternative splicing patterns...Ch. 18 - Consider the CT/CGRP example of alternative...
Ch. 18 - Explain how the use of alternative promoters and...Ch. 18 - Explain how a tissue-specific RNA-binding protein...Ch. 18 - The regulation of mRNA decay relies heavily upon...Ch. 18 - Nonsense-mediated decay is an mRNA surveillance...Ch. 18 - AU-rich elements (AREs) are cis-elements in mRNAs...Ch. 18 - What are processing bodies (P bodies), and what...Ch. 18 - In 1998, future Nobel laureates Andrew Fire and...Ch. 18 - Present an overview of RNA interference (RNAi)....Ch. 18 - RNAi may be directed by small interfering RNAs...Ch. 18 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 18 - In principle, RNAi may be used to fight viral...Ch. 18 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 18 - How is it possible that a given mRNA in a cell is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 23PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 24ESPCh. 18 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 18 - Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor...Ch. 18 - RNA helicases are a class of proteins that bind...Ch. 18 - While miRNA response elements (MREs) may be...Ch. 18 - RNAi is currently being tested as a therapeutic...Ch. 18 - The localization and translational control of...Ch. 18 - Explain how the expression of a single gene can be...
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- If all members of a transposable element family can besilenced by dsRNA synthesized from a single familymember, how is it possible for one element family (likeTc1) to have 32 copies in the C. elegans genome whileanother family (Tc2) has fewer than 5 copies?arrow_forwardThis chapter describes different types of TEs, including insertionelements, simple transposons, LTR retrotransposons, and non-LTRretrotransposons. Which of these four types of TEs have the followingfeatures?A. Require reverse transcriptase to transposeB. Require transposase to transposeC. Are flanked by direct repeatsD. Have inverted repeatsarrow_forwardTransposable elements, “jumping genes”, were first described by Barbara McClintock in her Nobel prize winning studies with corn. The genome of every multicellular eukaryote that has been sequenced is composed of a large percentage of transposable elements (often 30% to 50%), but they are nearly absent from the genomes of eubacteria and archaea. What are these things and what do they do? Describe and draw the structural organization and mechanism for movement of transposons and retro- transposable elements. What effect do these elements have on the stability of genomes? can you help me answer the bolded question?arrow_forward
- Explain one experimental strategy for determining the functional role of the mouse HoxD-3 gene.arrow_forwardIt has been shown that infectious agents such as viruses often exert a dramatic effect on their host cell’s genome architecture. In many cases, viruses induce methylation of host DNA sequences in order to enhance their infectivity. What specific host gene functions would you consider as strong candidates for such methylation by infecting viruses?arrow_forwardWhat sequence elements are found within the core promoter of protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes? Describe their locations and specific functions.arrow_forward
- Why can't the RNA leader form the terminator in the 2-3 stem loop configuration and what happens as a result?arrow_forwardAs we have learned in this chapter, the Nanos protein inhibits the translation of hunchback mRNA, lowering the concentration of Hunchback protein at the posterior end of a fruit-fly embryo and stimulating the differentiation of posterior characteristics. The results of experiments have demonstrated that the action of Nanos on hunchback mRNA depends on the presence of an 11-base sequence that is located in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of hunchback mRNA. This sequence has been termed the Nanos response element (NRE). There are two copies of NRE in the 3′ UTR of hunchback mRNA. If a copy of NRE is added to the 3′ UTR of another mRNA produced by a different gene, that mRNA is repressed by Nanos. The repression is greater if several NREs are added. On the basis of these observations, propose a mechanism for how Nanos inhibits Hunchback translation.arrow_forward. Let’s say that you have incredible skill and can isolate the white and red patches of tissue from the Drosophila eyes shown in Figure 12-24 in order to isolate mRNA from each tissue preparation. Using your knowledge of DNA techniques from Chapter 10, design an experiment that would allow you to determine whether RNA is transcribed from the white gene in the red tissue or the whitetissue or both. If you need it, you have access to radioactive white-gene DNAarrow_forward
- You suspect that the mRNA encoding the guanine biosynthetic genes of Bacillus subtilus contains an aptamer that binds guanine leading to premature termination of transcription. Propose a way you can test this hypothesisarrow_forwardWhat molecular biology strategy can best be used to determine Inhibition of the splicing of one intron from the parental RNA resulting in a longer protein product? Explain.arrow_forwardHuntington’s disease is a hereditary central nervous system disorder characterized by tandem repeats of the sequence 5'-CAG-3' in the gene that encodes a protein called huntingtin. The disease is progressive from generation to generation, meaning that in later generations the number of CAG repeats increases and the age of onset of symptoms decreases. Refer to Figure 21.4 and describe the sort of evidence supporting the generational increase in the number of CAG repeats.arrow_forward
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