Chapter 19, Problem 19.39SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When butan-$2$-one reacts with dimethylamine in the presence of a reducing agent $\text{NaBH}{\left(\text{OAc}\right)}_{\text{3}}$, it is converted to secondary amine. $\text{NaBH}{\left(\text{OAc}\right)}_{\text{3}}$ is a good reducing agent and commonly used in the organic synthesis. Its chemical name is sodium triacetoxyborohydride. It is also called STAB. It is very useful in the process of reductive amination.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When $4$-fluoropyridine reacts with a strong base ${\text{NaOCH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$, it gives $4$-ethoxypyridine. The chemical name of this base is sodium ethoxide. The reaction of $4$-fluoropyridine with sodium ethoxide occurs through ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ mechanism. ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ mechanism stands for nucleophilic substitution bimolecular reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When $3$-nitroaniline reacts with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrate in the presence of cupric bromide, it gives $3$-bromonitrobenzene. A diazonium salt is also formed as an intermediate during the reaction. In the final step nitrogen gas is also released.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When butan-$2$-one reacts with $\text{KCN}$ and $\text{HCN}$ in the presence of strong reducing agent like ${\text{LiAlH}}_{\text{4}}$, alcohol is formed as a final product. The name of that alcohol is $1$-amino-$2$-methylbutan-$2$-ol. In this reaction first butan-$2$-one with $\text{KCN}$ and $\text{HCN}$ given cyanohydrin intermediate and then, this intermediate reduced to $1$-amino-$2$-methylbutan-$2$-ol by the reduction process.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction are to be stated.

Concept introduction: When cyclopentanone reacts with aniline in acidic condition followed by reduction gives $N$-cyclopentyl aniline. In first step cyclopentanone reacts with aniline in acidic condition gives an addition product that on further reduction gives the desired product.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When $2$-bromopentane reacts with trimethyl amine which is followed by the reaction with ${\text{Ag}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ and heat alkene is formed as a major and minor products.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When cyclohexanone reacts with ethylamine in acidic condition, a cyclic product is obtained. The name of this product is $N$-cyclohexylidinemethanaimne. In this reaction water is removed.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When cyclohexanone reacts with ethylamine in acidic condition, a cyclic product is obtained. The name of this product is $N,N$-diethylcyclohexanaimne. In this reaction a reducing agent $\text{NaBH}{\left(\text{OAc}\right)}_{\text{3}}$ is used. The name of this reducing agent is sodium triacetoxyborohydride. It is also called STAB.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When the compound of denaturated $\left(1R,6R\right)$-$N,N,2,2$-tetramethylcyclohexamine reacts with deuteroxide ion, it gives $3,3$-dimethylcyclohex-$1$-ene.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When the compound of denaturated $\left(1R,6R\right)$-$N,N,2,2$-tetramethylcyclohexamine reacts with hydroxide ion, it gives $3,3$-dimethylcyclohex-$1$-ene.