The balanced reaction for the formation of the sol by hydrolysis of a stoichiometric mixture of aluminum ethoxide and tetraethoxysilane has to be calculated. Concept introduction: Balanced reaction is a chemical reaction in which number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are same on both reactant side and the product side. Steps in balancing the information Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation. The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number. Sol-gel process: Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.124CHP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for the formation of the sol by hydrolysis of a stoichiometric mixture of aluminum ethoxide and tetraethoxysilane has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Balanced reaction is a chemical reaction in which number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are same on both reactant side and the product side.

Steps in balancing the information

Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation

Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation.

The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number.

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction that converts the sol to gel has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The additional step requires that converts the gel to the ceramic has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.124CHP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for the formation of the sol by hydrolysis of a stoichiometric mixture of aluminum ethoxide and tetraethoxysilane has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Balanced reaction is a chemical reaction in which number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are same on both reactant side and the product side.

Steps in balancing the information

Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation

Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation.

The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number.

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction that converts the sol to gel has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The additional step requires that converts the gel to the ceramic has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.124CHP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for the formation of the sol by hydrolysis of a stoichiometric mixture of aluminum ethoxide and tetraethoxysilane has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Balanced reaction is a chemical reaction in which number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are same on both reactant side and the product side.

Steps in balancing the information

Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation

Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation.

The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number.

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction that converts the sol to gel has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The additional step requires that converts the gel to the ceramic has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.124CHP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for the formation of the sol by hydrolysis of a stoichiometric mixture of aluminum ethoxide and tetraethoxysilane has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Balanced reaction is a chemical reaction in which number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are same on both reactant side and the product side.

Steps in balancing the information

Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation

Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation.

The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number.

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction that converts the sol to gel has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The additional step requires that converts the gel to the ceramic has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.124CHP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for the formation of the sol by hydrolysis of a stoichiometric mixture of aluminum ethoxide and tetraethoxysilane has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Balanced reaction is a chemical reaction in which number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are same on both reactant side and the product side.

Steps in balancing the information

Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation

Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation.

The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number.

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction that converts the sol to gel has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The additional step requires that converts the gel to the ceramic has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.124CHP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for the formation of the sol by hydrolysis of a stoichiometric mixture of aluminum ethoxide and tetraethoxysilane has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Balanced reaction is a chemical reaction in which number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are same on both reactant side and the product side.

Steps in balancing the information

Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation

Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation.

The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number.

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.124CHP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for the formation of the sol by hydrolysis of a stoichiometric mixture of aluminum ethoxide and tetraethoxysilane has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Balanced reaction is a chemical reaction in which number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are same on both reactant side and the product side.

Steps in balancing the information

Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation

Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation.

The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number.

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction that converts the sol to gel has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction that converts the sol to gel has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The additional step requires that converts the gel to the ceramic has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The additional step requires that converts the gel to the ceramic has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sol-gel process:

Sol-gel method: Metal alkoxide, (obtained from metal and alcohol) undergoes hydrolysis and yields metal hydroxide. These metal hydroxides are known as sol and they are fine particle. Further, metal hydroxides combined together to form oxygen bridges by eliminating water. Sol linked together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges in which is sol is converted to a material known as gel. By heating water and solvents are removed to get metal oxide.

Particles of the sol link together through a three dimensional network of oxygen bridges and the sol is converted to a more rigid gelatin like material called gel.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 21.1 - In view of the 3charge on the PO43 ion, explain...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 21.5CP Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 21.6P Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 21.7CP Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21.8P Ch. 21.7 - Show that one unit cell of YBa2Cu3O7 (Figure...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 21.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the balanced reaction for the formation of the sol by hydrolysis of a stoichiometric mixture of aluminum ethoxide and tetraéthoxysilane.

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