Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337793612
Author: PECK, Roxy.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2.1, Problem 4E
The article “Adolescents Living the 24/7 Lifestyle: Effects of Caffeine and Technology on Sleep Duration and Daytime
- a. Is the study described an observational study or an experiment?
- b. Is it reasonable to conclude that getting less than 8 hours of sleep on school nights causes teenagers to fall asleep during school and to consume more caffeine, on average? Explain. (Hint; Look at Table 2.1.)
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Researchers investigated the possible beneficial effect on heart health of drinking black tea and whether adding milk to the tea reduces any possible benefit. Twenty-four volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Every day for a month, participants in group 1 drank two cups of hot black tea without milk, participants in group 2 drank two cups of hot black tea with milk, and participants in group 3 drank two cups of hot water but no tea. At the end of the month, the researchers measured the change in each of the participants’ heart health.
Did the researchers conduct an experiment or an observational study? Explain.
Why did the researchers include a group who drank hot water but no tea?
Is it reasonable to generalize the results of the study beyond the 24 participants? Explain why or why not.
What is the step-step solution to this problem?
Does posting calorie content for menu items affect people’s choices in fast-food restaurants? According to results obtained by Elbel, Gyamfi, and Kersh (2011), the answer is no. The researchers monitored the calorie content of food purchases for children and adolescents in four large fast-food chains before and after mandatory labeling began in New York City. Although most of the adolescents reported noticing the calorie labels, apparently the labels had no effect on their choices. Data similar to the results obtained show an average of M = 786 calories per meal with s = 85 for n = 100 children and adolescents before the labeling, compared to an average of M = 772 calories with s = 91 for a similar sample of n = 100 after the mandatory posting.
Use a two-tailed test with a α .05 to determine whether the mean number of calories after the posting is significantly different than before calorie content was posted.
3. Calculate r 2 to…
In a classic study, Shrauger (1972) examined the effect of an audience on performance for two groups of participants: high self-esteem and low self-esteem individuals. The participants in the study were given a problem-solving task with half of the individuals in each group working alone and a half working with an audience. Performance on the problem-solving task was measured for each individual. The results showed that the presence of an audience had little effect on high self-esteem participants but significantly lowered the performance for the low self-esteem participants.
a. How many factors does this study have? What are they? b. Describe this study using the notation system that indicates factors and numbers of levels of each factor.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
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