The authors of the paper “Digital Inequality: Differences in Young Adults’ Use of the Internet” (Communication Research [2008]: 602-621) were interested in determining if people with higher levels of education use the Internet in different ways than those who do not have as much formal education. To answer this question, they used data from a national telephone survey. Approximately 1300 households were selected for the survey, and 270 of them completed the interview. What type of bias should the researchers be concerned about and why? (Hint: See the box on page 35 that contains the definitions of different types of bias.)
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- What is meant by the sample space of an experiment?arrow_forwardA Pew Research study conducted in 2017 found that approximately 75% of Americans believe that robots and computers might one day do many of the jobs currently done by people.† Suppose we have the following data collected from nurses, tax auditors, and fast-food workers in which a higher score means the person feels his or her job is more likely to be automated. Nurse TaxAuditor Fast-FoodWorker 3 4 5 4 5 8 6 4 6 2 4 8 3 6 5 3 3 6 4 5 6 5 3 4 (a) Use ? = 0.05 to test for differences in the belief that a person's job is likely to be automated for the three professions. State the null and alternative hypotheses. H0: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker Ha: μNurse ≠ μTax auditor ≠ μFast-food worker H0: At least two of the population means are equal. Ha: At least two of the population means are different. H0: Not all the population means are equal. Ha: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker H0: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker Ha:…arrow_forwardA Pew Research study conducted in 2017 found that approximately 75% of Americans believe that robots and computers might one day do many of the jobs currently done by people.† Suppose we have the following data collected from nurses, tax auditors, and fast-food workers in which a higher score means the person feels his or her job is more likely to be automated. Nurse TaxAuditor Fast-FoodWorker 4 4 5 4 5 8 5 6 6 2 3 8 2 6 5 3 3 6 4 5 5 6 2 5 (a)Use ? = 0.05 to test for differences in the belief that a person's job is likely to be automated for the three professions. State the null and alternative hypotheses. 1. H0: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker Ha: Not all the population means are equal. 2. H0: Not all the population means are equal. Ha: μNurse = μTax auditor = μFast-food worker 3. H0: At least two of the population means are equal. Ha: At least two of the population means are different. 4. H0: μNurse ≠ μTax auditor ≠ μFast-food worker…arrow_forward
- The article “HIV-positive Smokers Considering Quitting: Differences by Race/Ethnicity” (E. Lloyd-Richardson, C. Stanton, et al., Am J Health Behav, 2008:3–15) reported that in a group of 230 European-American HIV-positive smokers, 102 of them had used a nicotine patch to try to quit smoking, and in a group of 72 Hispanic-American HIV-positive smokers, 20 had used a nicotine patch. Can you conclude that the proportion of patch users is greater among European-Americans?arrow_forwardTo test the fairness of law enforcement in its area, a local citizens’ group wants to know whether women and men are unequally likely to get speeding tickets. Three hundred randomly selected adults were phoned and asked whether or not they had been cited for speeding in the last year. Using the results in the following table and a 0.02 level of significance, test the claim of the citizens’ group. Let men be Population 1 and let women be Population 2. Ticketed Not Ticketed Men 14 165 Women 22 99 Step 1 of 3: State the null and alternative hypotheses for the test Step 2 of 3: Compute the value of the test statistic. Round your answer to two decimal places. Step 3 of 3: Draw a conclusion and interpret the decision.arrow_forwardTo test the fairness of law enforcement in its area, a local citizens’ group wants to know whether women and men are unequally likely to get speeding tickets. Four hundred randomly selected adults were phoned and asked whether or not they had been cited for speeding in the last year. Using the results in the following table and a 0.02 level of significance, test the claim of the citizens’ group. Let men be Population 1 and let women be Population 2. Speeding Tickets Ticketed Not Ticketed Men 28 152 Women 20 200 Step 1 of 3: State the null and alternative hypotheses for the test. Fill in the blank below. H0: p1=p2 Ha: p1__p2 Step 2 of 3: Compute the value of the test statistic. Round your answer to two decimal places Step 3 of 3: Draw a conclusion and interpret the decision.arrow_forward
- An article appeared in the Journal of Gambling Issues, in which the authors looked at random samples of Ontario residents who (i) have not completed some form of post-secondary education and (ii) have completed some form of post-secondary education. The data: Did not Complete PS Education with gambling problem: 14 out of 255 sample Did complete PS Education with gambling problem: 9 out of 310 sample Let pNoPS represent the proportion of persons not completing some form of post-secondary education who have a gambling problem, and pPS be the proportion of persons having completed post-secondary education who have a gambling problem. (a) Find a 99% confidence interval for pNoPS−pPS, the difference in the proportion of gamblers among those who have not completed post-secondary education and those that have. Lower Bound of 99% CI = Upper Bound of 99% CI = (b) The confidence interval found in part (b) indicates that the proportion problem gamblers amongst those who have not completed post…arrow_forwardIn a study of whether taking a garlic supplement reduces the risk of getting a cold, participants were assigned to either a garlic supplement group or to a group that did not take a garlic supplement.† Based on the study, it was concluded that the proportion of people taking a garlic supplement who get a cold is lower than the proportion of those not taking a garlic supplement who get a cold. Do you think that the study was conducted in a reasonable way? What additional information would you want in order to evaluate this study? (Select all that apply.) A) whether the patients knew which treatment they were receiving B) whether the patients were randomly assigned to the treatments C) whether the patient's last name started with A through M D) whether the patient's cold lasted more than a week E) whether the experiment was conducted on a sufficient number of patients so that the differences observed could not be attributed to chancearrow_forwardTo test the fairness of law enforcement in its area, a local citizens’ group wants to know whether women and men are unequally likely to get speeding tickets. Two hundred randomly selected adults were phoned and asked whether or not they had been cited for speeding in the last year. Using the results in the following table and a 0.02 level of significance, test the claim of the citizens’ group. Let men be Population 1 and let women be Population 2. Speeding Tickets Ticketed Not Ticketed Men 19 74 Women 11 96 Step 1 of 3: State the null and alternative hypotheses for the test. Fill in the blank below. Step 2 of 3: Compute the value of the test statistic. Round your answer to two decimal places. Step 3 of 3: Draw a conclusion and interpret the decision.arrow_forward
- Recently airlines have cut services, such as meals and snacks during flights, and started charging extra for some services, such as accommodating overweight luggage, last-minute flight changes, and pets traveling in the cabin. However, they are still concerned about service. Recently, a group of four carriers hired Brunner Marketing Research Inc. to survey passengers regarding their level of satisfaction with a recent flight. The survey included questions on ticketing, boarding, in-flight service, baggage handling, pilot communication, and so forth. Twenty-five questions offered a range of possible answers: excellent, good, fair, or poor. A response of excellent was given a score of 4, good a 3, fair a 2, and poor a 1. These responses were then totaled, so the total score was an indication of the satisfaction with the flight. The greater the score, the higher the level of satisfaction with the service. The highest possible score was 100. Brunner randomly selected and surveyed…arrow_forwardA study in Sweden looked at former elite soccer players, people who had played soccer but not at the elite level, and people of the same age who did not play soccer. Here is a two-way table that classifies these subjects by whether or not they had arthritis of the hip or knee by their mid-fifties: Elite Non-elite Did not play Arthritis 10 9 24 No arthritis 61 206 548 Based on this study, you can conclude thatarrow_forwardTo test the fairness of law enforcement in its area, a local citizens’ group wants to know whether women and men are unequally likely to get speeding tickets. Five hundred randomly selected adults were phoned and asked whether or not they had been cited for speeding in the last year. Using the results in the following table and a 0.100.10 level of significance, test the claim of the citizens’ group. Let men be Population 1 and let women be Population 2. Speeding Tickets Ticketed Not Ticketed Men 5555 174174 Women 4545 226226 Step 2: compute test value.. round to 2 decimal places Step 3: draw a conclusion and interpret the conclusion.arrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillCollege Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305652231Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff HughesPublisher:Cengage Learning