General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 24.5, Problem 24.12P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The difference in the generation of ATP in the aerobic oxidation of glucose to CO2and the anaerobic conversion of glucose to lactate needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Anaerobic
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Give an account of the total ATP yield when I molecule of glucose is converted to carbon dioxide and water?
Although the ATP-ADP reaction is the principle energy shuttle in metabolic pathways, many other examples of coupled reactions exist. glutamic acid + NH3 glutamine + H2O, ΔGo = 14 kJ. Can be coupled with the acetyl phosphate reaction shown CH3COOPO3H2 + H2O CH3COOH + H3PO4, ΔGo = -46.9 kJ
a. Calculate ΔGo for the overall process.
Does the magnitude of the free energy change for ATP hydrolysis increase or decrease as the pH increases from 5 to 6?
Chapter 24 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
Ch. 24.2 - Analyze the following reaction by considering the...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 24.2PPCh. 24.3 - Prob. 24.1PCh. 24.3 - Prob. 24.2PCh. 24.3 - Prob. 24.3PCh. 24.3 - Prob. 24.4PCh. 24.3 - Prob. 24.5PCh. 24.3 - Prob. 24.6PCh. 24.4 - Prob. 24.7PCh. 24.4 - Prob. 24.8P
Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 24.9PCh. 24.5 - Prob. 24.10PCh. 24.5 - Prob. 24.11PCh. 24.5 - Prob. 24.12PCh. 24.6 - Prob. 24.13PCh. 24.7 - Prob. 24.14PCh. 24.7 - Prob. 24.3PPCh. 24.7 - Prob. 24.15PCh. 24.7 - Prob. 24.16PCh. 24.7 - Use the number of molecules of ATP formed from the...Ch. 24.7 - Prob. 24.18PCh. 24.8 - Prob. 24.19PCh. 24.8 - Prob. 24.20PCh. 24.8 - Prob. 24.21PCh. 24.9 - Prob. 24.4PPCh. 24.9 - What products are formed when each amino acid is...Ch. 24.9 - Prob. 24.22PCh. 24 - Analyze each reaction by considering the...Ch. 24 - Analyze each reaction by considering the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 25PCh. 24 - Prob. 26PCh. 24 - Prob. 27PCh. 24 - Prob. 28PCh. 24 - Prob. 29PCh. 24 - Prob. 30PCh. 24 - Prob. 31PCh. 24 - Prob. 32PCh. 24 - Glucose is completely metabolized to six molecules...Ch. 24 - Why is glycolysis described as an anaerobic...Ch. 24 - Write the overall equation with key coenzymes for...Ch. 24 - Prob. 36PCh. 24 - Prob. 37PCh. 24 - Prob. 38PCh. 24 - Consider the aerobic and anaerobic avenues of...Ch. 24 - Prob. 40PCh. 24 - Prob. 41PCh. 24 - Prob. 42PCh. 24 - Prob. 43PCh. 24 - Prob. 44PCh. 24 - Prob. 45PCh. 24 - Prob. 46PCh. 24 - Prob. 47PCh. 24 - Prob. 48PCh. 24 - Prob. 49PCh. 24 - Prob. 50PCh. 24 - Prob. 51PCh. 24 - Prob. 52PCh. 24 - Prob. 53PCh. 24 - Prob. 54PCh. 24 - Prob. 55PCh. 24 - Prob. 56PCh. 24 - Prob. 57PCh. 24 - Prob. 58PCh. 24 - Prob. 59PCh. 24 - How much ATP is generated by the complete...Ch. 24 - Prob. 61PCh. 24 - Fill in the boxes with the number of moles of each...Ch. 24 - Prob. 63PCh. 24 - Prob. 64PCh. 24 - Prob. 65PCh. 24 - Prob. 66PCh. 24 - Prob. 67PCh. 24 - Prob. 68PCh. 24 - Prob. 69PCh. 24 - Prob. 70PCh. 24 - What is the difference between ketogenic and...Ch. 24 - Prob. 72PCh. 24 - Prob. 73PCh. 24 - Draw the structure of the keto acid formed by the...Ch. 24 - Draw the products formed in each transamination...Ch. 24 - Prob. 76PCh. 24 - Prob. 77PCh. 24 - Prob. 78PCh. 24 - Prob. 79PCh. 24 - Prob. 80PCh. 24 - What metabolic intermediate is formed from the...Ch. 24 - What metabolic intermediate is formed from the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 83PCh. 24 - Prob. 84PCh. 24 - Prob. 85PCh. 24 - Prob. 86PCh. 24 - Prob. 87PCh. 24 - What is the cause of the pain and cramping in a...Ch. 24 - Prob. 89PCh. 24 - Prob. 90PCh. 24 - Prob. 91PCh. 24 - Prob. 92PCh. 24 - Prob. 93PCh. 24 - Prob. 94PCh. 24 - What type of enzyme would catalyze the conversion...Ch. 24 - Prob. 96PCh. 24 - Prob. 97CPCh. 24 - Prob. 98CPCh. 24 - Prob. 99CPCh. 24 - Prob. 100CP
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- Answer True or False The Na/K-ATPase pump is an example of a coupling element between a spontaneous process and a non spontaneous process.arrow_forwardIn the presence of excess oxygen, a complete oxidation of nine molecules of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, by a yeast cell, would produce approximately __________ ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 3 ATP and FADH2 = 2 ATP)arrow_forwardWhy are some metabolic reactions coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP? To drive the nonspontaneous reaction To extend the half-life of enzymes To increase the equilibrium constant To bypass metabolic regulationarrow_forward
- 12. Protein catabolism can yield which of the following: 1. Complex carbohydrates 2. Glucose 3. Free fatty acids 4. Omega-3 fatty acidsarrow_forwardHow many moledule of ATP can form from the break down of 1 molecule of gluose under aerobic condition and unaerobic condition?arrow_forwardThe Calvin cycle requires ______ and ______ from the light reactions in order to operate. electrons... NADH glucose... carbon dioxide ATP... NADPH RuBP... NADP+arrow_forward
- For the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-P + H₂O ⇌ glucose + Pi ∆G'°= -13.8 kJ/mol and K'eq = 3.81×10⁻³ at 25°C. Therefore the [glucose-6-phosphate]/[glucose] ratio is about 1/260 at equilibrium. What is the [glucose-6-phosphate]/[glucose] ratio at equilibrium when this reaction is coupled to ATP hydrolysis in the coupled reaction glucose + ATP ⇌ glucose-6-phosphate + ADP and [ATP] = ADP]? For ATP hydrolysis ∆G'°= -30.5 kJ/mol at 25°C.arrow_forwardThe oxidation of 1 mol of glucose supplies enough meta-bolic energy to form 36 mol of ATP. Oxidation of 1 mol of a typ-ical dietary fat like tristearin (C₅₇H₁₁₆O₆) yields enough energyto form 458 mol of ATP. (a) How many molecules of ATP canform per gram of glucose? (b) Per gram of tristearin?arrow_forward1. The phosphorylation of glucose with HPO42- forms glucose 1-phosphate and water and requires 5.0kcal/mol of energy. a. Write the equation for this reaction. b. This unfavorable reaction can be driven by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP. Write the equation for the coupled reaction. c. Calculate the energy change for coupled reactionarrow_forward
- Describeenergy consumed vs released in reactions. Differentiate between endergonic vs exergonic reactions, anabolism vs catabolism, and coupled reactions.arrow_forwardWhy is the conversion of lactic acid from the blood into glucose in the liver in an organism’s best interest?arrow_forwardAnaerobic glycolysis (i.e., lactic acid fermentation) produces pyruvate that is then converted to lactate through the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate would seem to be an unnecessary step, since this process does not result in any further release of energy. Explain the necessity for the production of lactate as the endpoint for anaerobic glycolysis.arrow_forward
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