Organic Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305080485
Author: John E. McMurry
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2.SE, Problem 59AP
We’ll see in the next chapter that organic molecules can be classified according to the functional groups they contain, where a functional group is a collection of atoms with a characteristic chemical reactivity. Use the electronegativity values given in Figure 2-2 on page 29 to predict the direction of polarization of the following functional groups.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 2.1 - Prob. 2PCh. 2.1 - Use the electronegativity values shown in Figure...Ch. 2.1 - Look at the following electrostatic potential map...Ch. 2.2 - Ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, may look nonpolar...Ch. 2.2 - Make three-dimensional drawings of the following...Ch. 2.3 - Calculate formal charges for the nonhydrogen atoms...Ch. 2.3 - Organic phosphate groups occur commonly in...Ch. 2.6 - Which of the following pairs of structures...Ch. 2.6 - Draw the indicated number of resonance forms for...
Ch. 2.7 - Nitric acid (HNO3) reacts with ammonia (NH3) to...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 12PCh. 2.8 - Amide ion, H2N-, is a much stronger base than...Ch. 2.9 - Prob. 14PCh. 2.9 - Prob. 15PCh. 2.9 - Prob. 16PCh. 2.11 - Using curved arrows, show how the species in part...Ch. 2.11 - Prob. 18PCh. 2.12 - Of the two vitamins A and C, one is hydrophilic...Ch. 2.SE - Prob. 20VCCh. 2.SE - The following model is a representation of...Ch. 2.SE - cis-l, 2-Dichloroethylene and trans-1,...Ch. 2.SE - The following molecular models are representations...Ch. 2.SE - Predict the product(s) of the acid/base reactions...Ch. 2.SE - Use curved arrows to draw the protonated form of...Ch. 2.SE - Prob. 26MPCh. 2.SE - Double bonds can also act like Lewis bases,...Ch. 2.SE - Prob. 28APCh. 2.SE - Use the electronegativity table given in Figure...Ch. 2.SE - Which of the following molecules has a dipole...Ch. 2.SE - Prob. 31APCh. 2.SE - Phosgene, C12C=O, has a smaller dipole moment than...Ch. 2.SE - Prob. 33APCh. 2.SE - Methanethiol, CH3SH, has a substantial dipole...Ch. 2.SE - Calculate the formal charges on the atoms shown in...Ch. 2.SE - Assign formal charges to the atoms in each of the...Ch. 2.SE - Which of the following pairs of structures...Ch. 2.SE - Prob. 38APCh. 2.SE - 1, 3-Cyclobutadiene is a rectangular molecule with...Ch. 2.SE - Alcohols can act either as weak acids or as weak...Ch. 2.SE - The O-H hydrogen in acetic acid is more acidic...Ch. 2.SE - Draw electron-dot structures for the following...Ch. 2.SE - Write the products of the following acid-base...Ch. 2.SE - Rank the following substances in order of...Ch. 2.SE - Which, if any, of the substances in Problem 2-44...Ch. 2.SE - The ammonium ion (NH4+, pKa = 9.25) has a lower...Ch. 2.SE - Prob. 47APCh. 2.SE - Prob. 48APCh. 2.SE - Calculate Ka values from the following pka’s:...Ch. 2.SE - Calculate pKa values from the following Ka’s:...Ch. 2.SE - What is the pH of a 0.050 M solution of formic...Ch. 2.SE - Prob. 52APCh. 2.SE - Maleic acid has a dipole moment, but the closely...Ch. 2.SE - Assume that you have two unlabeled bottles, one of...Ch. 2.SE - Identify the acids and bases in the following...Ch. 2.SE - Which of the following pairs represent resonance...Ch. 2.SE - Draw as many resonance structures as you can for...Ch. 2.SE - Carbocations, which contain a trivalent,...Ch. 2.SE - We’ll see in the next chapter that organic...Ch. 2.SE - The azide functional group, which occurs in...Ch. 2.SE - Phenol, C6H5OH, is a stronger acid than methanol,...Ch. 2.SE - Thiamin diphosphate (TPP), a derivative of vitamin...Ch. 2.SE - Determine if each compound or ion below has a...Ch. 2.SE - Prob. 64APCh. 2.SE - Prob. 65APCh. 2.SE - Draw the conjugate base for each compound below...Ch. 2.SE - 1, 1, 1-Trichloroethanol is an acid more than 1000...
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- On the left side of Figure 3.6, label the areas shown with a dotted line where... one bond can form. one bond can form.arrow_forwardA student draws the picture of ammonia (NH3) in the box below, left, and predicts it will be a flatmolecule with HNH bond angles of exactly 120°. Unfortunately, the student left something out. a. What did the student omit from his drawing? b. What is the actual HNH bond angle of ammonia (based on the draw g above, right)? c. Explain why water, ammonia, and methane (shown below) all have about the same bondangles (close to 109.5°) even though they have different numbers of bonds.arrow_forwardFollow the directions of Question 1 for (a) CIF4- (b) PF6- (c) CNS- (d) SnCl5-arrow_forward
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- Draw the attraction between a water molecule and a nitrite ion, NO2-1 First, draw one molecule and add the partial charges where needed - use the ΔEN to determine the types of bonds. Then, draw the second molecule so that the δ+ on one molecule lines up across from the δ- on the other. Since we can't draw the molecules here you will answer questions about the drawings that you made on the homework worksheet. NO2-1 has ________ bonds with a ΔEN = ________ . NO2-1 has 3 REDs and is symmetrical/asymmetrical (answer is ________ ). However, NO2-1 has one electron more than its protons making it _________ text. . H2O has 2 ___________ bonds with a ΔEN = __________ . H2O has 4 REDs and is symmetrical/asymmetrical (answer is _______ ) making it a polar/nonpolar (answer is ________ ) molecule. Each H has a ___________ charge and the O has a ________ charge. The strongest possible attractive force between these two molecules is _________ .arrow_forwardDraw the attraction between a water molecule and a molecule of PCl3 First, draw one molecule and add the partial charges where needed - use the ΔEN to determine the types of bonds. Then, draw the second molecule so that the δ+ on one molecule lines up across from the δ- on the other. Since we can't draw the molecules here you will answer questions about the drawings that you made on the homework worksheet. PCl3 has ________ bonds with a ΔEN = ________ . PCl3 has 4 REDs and is symmetrical/asymmetrical (answer is ___________ ) making it a polar/nonpolar (answer is ___________ ) molecule. Each Cl has a __________ charge and the P has a __________ charge. H2O has 2 ________ bonds with a ΔEN = +__________ . H2O has 4 REDs and is symmetrical/asymmetrical (answer is _________ ) making it a polar/nonpolar (answer is __________ ) molecule. Each H has a ___________ charge and the O has a _________ charge. The strongest possible attractive force between these two molecules…arrow_forwardThe molecule shown here is difluoromethane (CH2F2), which isused as a refrigerant called R-32. (a) Based on the structure, howmany electron domains surround the C atom in this molecule?(b) Would the molecule have a nonzero dipole moment? (c) Ifthe molecule is polar, which of the following describes the directionof the overall dipole moment vector in the molecule:(i) from the carbon atom toward a fluorine atom, (ii) from thecarbon atom to a point midway between the fluorine atoms,(iii) from the carbon atom to a point midway between the hydrogenatoms, or (iv) from the carbon atom toward a hydrogenatom?arrow_forward
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