Fundamentals of Biostatistics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305268920
Author: Bernard Rosner
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 133P
Radiology
Mobile displays have the potential to increase the flexibility of consulting radiologists if they can be shown to be comparable to traditional display modalities. A study was performed comparing a mobile display iPad 2 with a larger liquid crystal display (LCD) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) on chest radiography (Abboud et al., [19]). De-identified images of 240 chest X-rays were transferred from a PACS workstation (LCD) to an iPad 2 tablet. The images were reviewed independently by 5 radiologists and were graded as positive or negative for TB on both the LCD and the iPad 2. The reviews occurred at different times to avoid recall bias.
A database of > 500 chest X-rays was created from TB screening films over a 4-month period. Of these, 200 cases originally interpreted as TB-negative and 40 cases originally interpreted as TB-positive were selected at random for study. The images were re-reviewed using both an LCD and an iPad 2 imaging display, albeit at different times. The results were as shown in Table 3.21.
Table 3.21 Comparison of TB screening results using an LCD and iPad 2 display
If we regard the LCD interpretation as the gold standard, then what is the specificity of the iPad 2 interpretation?
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Fundamentals of Biostatistics
Ch. 3.6 - What is the frequency definition of probability?Ch. 3.6 - What is the difference between independent and...Ch. 3.6 - What are mutually exclusive events?Ch. 3.6 - What is the addition law of probability?Ch. 3.6 - What is conditional probability? How does it...Ch. 3.6 - What is relative risk? How do you interpret it?Ch. 3.6 - Prob. B.1RECh. 3.6 - Suppose the rate of type II diabetes mellitus (DM)...Ch. 3.7 - What is the sensitivity and specificity of a...Ch. 3.7 - What are the PV+ and PV of a screening test? How...
Ch. 3.7 - Prob. C.3RECh. 3.7 - What is Bayes rule? How is it used?Ch. 3.7 - Prob. D.2RECh. 3.7 - Prob. D.3RECh. 3.7 - Prob. D.4RECh. 3.10 - Suppose that of 25 students in a class, 5 are...Ch. 3.10 - Suppose 50 HIV-positive men are identified, 5 of...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Consider a family with a mother, father, and two...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11PCh. 3 - Suppose an influenza epidemic strikes a city. In...Ch. 3 - Suppose there is a 20% chance each child will get...Ch. 3 - Suppose there is a 20% chance each child will get...Ch. 3 - Suppose there is a 20% chance each child will get...Ch. 3 - Mental Health Estimates of the prevalence of...Ch. 3 - Mental Health Estimates of the prevalence of...Ch. 3 - Mental Health Estimates of the prevalence of...Ch. 3 - Mental Health Estimates of the prevalence of...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimers disease...Ch. 3 - Suppose a study of Alzheimers disease is proposed...Ch. 3 - Suppose a study of Alzheimers disease is proposed...Ch. 3 - Commonly used vaccines for influenza are trivalent...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29PCh. 3 - Prob. 30PCh. 3 - Prob. 31PCh. 3 - Genetics Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Genetics Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Genetics Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 35PCh. 3 - Prob. 36PCh. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via an...Ch. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 39PCh. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Suppose that a disease is inherited via a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 44PCh. 3 - Prob. 45PCh. 3 - Prob. 46PCh. 3 - Prob. 47PCh. 3 - Prob. 48PCh. 3 - Prob. 49PCh. 3 - Obstetrics The following data are derived from the...Ch. 3 - Obstetrics The following data are derived from the...Ch. 3 - Obstetrics The following data are derived from the...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease The familial aggregation of...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease The familial aggregation of...Ch. 3 - Suppose, alternatively, that if the father is a...Ch. 3 - Suppose, alternatively, that if the father is a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 57PCh. 3 - The familial aggregation of respiratory disease is...Ch. 3 - The familial aggregation of respiratory disease is...Ch. 3 - The familial aggregation of respiratory disease is...Ch. 3 - The familial aggregation of respiratory disease is...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease The familial aggregation of...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease The familial aggregation of...Ch. 3 - Genetics, Obstetrics Precise quantification of...Ch. 3 - Precise quantification of smoking during pregnancy...Ch. 3 - Precise quantification of smoking during pregnancy...Ch. 3 - What is another name for this quantity? Suppose it...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Research into cigarette-smoking habits, smoking...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease Research into cigarette-smoking...Ch. 3 - Pulmonary Disease Research into cigarette-smoking...Ch. 3 - Laboratory measures of cardiovascular reactivity...Ch. 3 - Laboratory measures of cardiovascular reactivity...Ch. 3 - Laboratory measures of cardiovascular reactivity...Ch. 3 - The data set in Table 3.12 is based on 214...Ch. 3 - The data set in Table 3.12 is based on 214...Ch. 3 - The data set in Table 3.12 is based on 214...Ch. 3 - A drug company is developing a new pregnancy-test...Ch. 3 - A drug company is developing a new pregnancy-test...Ch. 3 - A drug company is developing a new pregnancy-test...Ch. 3 - Gynecology A drug company is developing a new...Ch. 3 - The Chinese Mini-Mental Status Test (CMMS)...Ch. 3 - The Chinese Mini-Mental Status Test (CMMS)...Ch. 3 - Mental Health The Chinese Mini-Mental Status Test...Ch. 3 - Construct an ROC curve based on the table...Ch. 3 - Mental Health The Chinese Mini-Mental Status Test...Ch. 3 - Calculate the area under the ROC curve. Interpret...Ch. 3 - Demography A study based on data collected from...Ch. 3 - Prob. 94PCh. 3 - Demography A study based on data collected from...Ch. 3 - Demography A study based on data collected from...Ch. 3 - Prob. 97PCh. 3 - The 4 allele of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E...Ch. 3 - Mental Health The 4 allele of the gene encoding...Ch. 3 - Mental Health The 4 allele of the gene encoding...Ch. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease A fascinating subject of...Ch. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease A fascinating subject of...Ch. 3 - Are these proportions prevalence rates, incidence...Ch. 3 - Prob. 104PCh. 3 - A dominantly inherited genetic disease is...Ch. 3 - A dominantly inherited genetic disease is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 107PCh. 3 - Infectious Disease, Cardiovascular Disease A...Ch. 3 - Infectious Disease, Cardiovascular Disease A...Ch. 3 - Infectious Disease, Cardiovascular Disease A...Ch. 3 - Prob. 114PCh. 3 - Genetics Suppose a birth defect has a recessive...Ch. 3 - A further study finds that after 10 generations...Ch. 3 - A further study finds that after 10 generations...Ch. 3 - Orthopedics Piriformis syndrome is a pelvic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 119PCh. 3 - Orthopedics Piriformis syndrome is a pelvic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 121PCh. 3 - Cancer Breast cancer is considered largely a...Ch. 3 - Cancer Breast cancer is considered largely a...Ch. 3 - Cancer Breast cancer is considered largely a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 125PCh. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease Mayo Clinic investigators...Ch. 3 - Prob. 127PCh. 3 - Prob. 128PCh. 3 - Prob. 129PCh. 3 - Prob. 130PCh. 3 - Prob. 131PCh. 3 - Prob. 132PCh. 3 - Radiology Mobile displays have the potential to...Ch. 3 - Radiology Mobile displays have the potential to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 135PCh. 3 - Prob. 136PCh. 3 - Prob. 137PCh. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease The ankle-arm...Ch. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease The ankle-arm...Ch. 3 - Cardiovascular Disease The ankle-arm...Ch. 3 - Prob. 141PCh. 3 - Prob. 142PCh. 3 - Prob. 143PCh. 3 - Obstetrics, Health Promotion A study was performed...
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