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Concept explainers
a.
To determine:
Whether progeny will be produced or not for the cross ♂ S1 S2 × ♀ S1 S2 and list all possible genotypes of these progeny if they are produced.
Introduction:
Cross is the breeding of two parents that produces an offspring that will contain the genetic material from each of the parent. The genetic material that passes from parents to offspring is DNA.
b.
To determine:
Whether progeny will be produced or not for the cross ♂ S1 S2 × ♀ S2 S3 and list all possible genotypes of these progeny if they are produced.
Introduction:
The set of the morphological characteristics of an organism that results from the interactions of the genes is known as the
c.
To describe:
Whether progeny will be produced or not for the cross ♂ S1 S2 × ♀ S3 S4 and list all possible genotypes of these progeny if they are produced.
Introduction:
The set of the alleles in DNA that carries the information for the expression of a trait in an individual is known as its genotype. For example, genotype ‘TT’ expresses the tallness in plants.
d.
To describe:
The ways by which the mechanism of incompatibility prevents self-fertilization.
Introduction:
During the process of translation, exons or its some portion within a pre-mRNA transcript are removed, which results from encoding different protein sequences from a single gene.
e.
To describe:
The ways by which it is ensured by the incompatibility system that all plants for different alleles of the S gene would be heterozygous.
Introduction:
According to Mendel's conclusion, a pair of factors control the expression of a trait (a term that was used by Mendel for genes), and each factor of the pair segregate from each other during gamete formation.
f.
To describe:
The reason for peas to be not governed by this incompatibility mechanism.
Introduction:
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments for many years using pea plants. Mendel analyzed his results quantitively and concluded that traits transferred from one generation to another generation
g.
To describe:
The reason for favoring the emergence of new incompatibility alleles by evolution and making the gene increasingly polymorphic in populations of tomatoes or petunias.
Introduction:
Evolution is the process of heritable changes in the biological populations over successive generations, and these changes are the result of the expression of genes, that are inherited from parent to offspring during reproduction.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
- Waxy endosperm (wx), shrunken endosperm (sh), and yellow seedlings (v) are encoded by three recessive genes in corn that are linked on chromosome 5. A corn plant homozygous for all three recessive alleles is crossed with a plant homozygous for all the dominant alleles. The resulting F1 are then crossed with a plant homozygous for the recessive alleles in a three-point testcross. The progeny of the testcross are wx sh V 87 Wx Sh v 94 Wx Sh V 3,479 wx sh v 3,478 Wx sh V 1,515 wx Sh v 1,531 wx Sh V 292 Wx sh v 280 Total 10,756 a. Determine the order of these genes on the chromosome. b. Calculate the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the coefficient of coincidence and the interference among these genes.arrow_forwardWaxy endosperm (wx), shrunken endosperm (sh) and yellow seedling (v) are encoded by three recessive genes in corn that are linked on chromosome 5. A corn plant homozygous for all three recessive alleles is crossed with a plant homozygous for all the dominant alleles. The resulting F1 are then crossed with a plant homozygous for the recessive alleles in a three point test cross. The progeny of the test cross are: wx sh WX SH V WX SH V Wx sh WX sh V SH v SH V V 87 1,515 94 WX 1,531 3,479 292 WX Wx sh v 3,478 280 a. Determine the order of the genes on the chromosome. b. Calculate the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the cc and I.arrow_forwardIn rice, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of rice plants (i.e. the stamen) unable to produce fertile pollen; the female parts, however, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male fertile rice plants. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene F restores fertility to male-sterile lines. Give the result(s) of the cross and explain the phenotype of the offspring.arrow_forward
- At the molecular level (with regard to loss-of-function alleles), explain why the ttvv homozygote has an ovate seed capsule.arrow_forwardFlower color in petunias is determined by the biochemical pathway shown below: A_ B_ C_ Yellow Orange > Green Blue aa bb Plants of genotype AAbbcc were mated to plants of genotype AaBbCc. Determine the phenotypic ratio expected from this cross and fill in the spaces in the ratio below with whole numbers in lowest form. lf none are expected in a class, then type the number 0 in the space. Yellow: Orange : Green: Bluearrow_forwardThe shape of a pumpkin is determined by the action of two genes A and B. The recessive forms of these two alleles produces a flattened-shaped fruit, whereas the dominant forms of these two alleles produce the typical pumpkin with ridges. When both alleles are heterozygous a disc-shaped pumpkin is produced. If the genotype of the pumpkin plant is homozygous dominant at one allele and heterozygous at the other, the pumpkin will be ball-shaped. If the pumpkin plant is homozygous recessive at one allele and heterozygous at the other allele it produces an oblong-shaped fruit. Plants with genotypes other than the ones listed in this question do not produce pumpkins. Do the following cross: two pumpkin plants capable of making disc-shaped pumpkins are crossed with each other. Based on this cross, answer the following: (Show your work below.) How many of the progeny will make ball-shaped pumpkins?__________________________________________ How many of the progeny will make disc-shaped…arrow_forward
- Let us suppose that two plants are crossed (mated). One plant (female) is homozygous dominant and produces chlorophyll, and the other (male) is homozygous recessive and does not produce chlorophyll. These two plants are considered the parental, or P generation. What would be the possible genotypes and phenotypes of these two individuals? Fill in the table below with the parental generation's descriptional information. Table 6.1 Female Male Description Parental Generation Homozygous dominant P Generation Genotype gg Phenotype Greenarrow_forwardSuppose you have an AAaa tetraploid plant and it undergoes self-fertilization. At least two copies of thedominant allele A are needed to obtain the dominantphenotype. At what frequency will progeny with thedominant phenotype appear?arrow_forwardConsider the following hypothetical gene a plant.Gene T produces a protein that impacts stem length.There are two alleles for gene T, T which produces long stems and t which results in short stems. Assume that gene T displays complete dominance, what would be the genotypes (written as two letters-your answer will be case sensitive) that correspond to- homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive and heterozygous. and the phenotypes (what trait will be observed in the plant) for each of the genotypes.arrow_forward
- In the Primula plant, the blue flower color is due to malvidin, a pigment encoded by the completely dominant gene (M). Presence of only the recessive gene (m) leads to white flowers. The P locus controls pigment synthesis in the M locus such that dominant gene (P) stops pigment production, and recessive gene (p) allows pigment production. Two plants both having the MmPp genotype were crossed. Answer the following questions and show complete solutions to support your answers. Use the branching method whenever applicable. a. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?b. What type of gene interaction is exhibited by the flower color in Primula?c. What would be the probability of getting plants that are pure-breeding for blue flower color?arrow_forwardIn tomatoes, the red fruit color is completely dominant to yellow. Suppose a tomato plant homozygous for red is crossed with one homozygous for yellow and the progeny are allowed to self pollinate. What phenotypes do you predict in the F2 generation? a) 3 red: 1 yellow b) 9 red : 3 orange : 1 yellow c) 1 red : 2 orange : 1 yellow d) 1 red : 1 yellowarrow_forwardDominant and recessive alleles of a gene in garden peas, G and g, cause seeds to be yellow and green, respectively. Dominant and recessive alleles, F and f, of another gene cause seeds to be spotted or not with violet color, respectively. A plant of genotype GGFF is crossed with a plant of genotype ggff, and the F1 are allowed to self-fertilize. The phenotypes and numbers of F2 progeny are shown below: Phenotype of F2 Number yellow, spotted 89 green, spotted 31 yellow, not spotted 29 green, not spotted 11 Are the G,g and F,f genes linked?arrow_forward
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