Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The feed rate of logs
Concept introduction:
In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:
Here, ‘input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.
All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.
Specific gravity
From mass flowrate, volumetric flowrate is calculated if the density of the substance is given as:
Here,
Volume of a cylinder is calculated as:
Here,
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Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- A 1.5-kg specimen of a 90 wt% Pb-10 wt% Sn alloy is heated to 250°C;at this temperature it is entirely an alpha -phase solid solution. The alloy is to be melted to the extent that 50% of the specimen is liquid, the remainder being the alpha phase. This may be accomplished either by heating the alloy or changing its composition while holding the temperature constant. To what temperature must the specimen be heated? Ⓒa. 100 deg C O b. 265 deg C O c. 294 deg C O d. 500 deg Carrow_forwardHuman saliva contains the enzyme α-amylase which hydrolyzes polysaccharide acetal linkages. A soda cracker (containing starch) was carefully ground; the crumbs were distributed evenly between two test tubes. The first test tube contained only water, while the second contained a 1% solution of α-amylase. Both mixtures were heated to 35°C for 10 minutes and filtered. The filtrates were tested with iodine solution and Benedict’s solution. Use the following results to answer the questions below. Mixture Iodine test Benedict’s Test cracker in water dark blue blue cracker in water and α-amylase red red-orange precipitate a. Was the starch from the cracker/water mixture hydrolyzed? Was the starch from the cracker in the 1% α-amylase solution hydrolyzed? b. Which cracker contained reducing sugars?arrow_forwardA brine solution of salt flows at a constant rate of 9 L/min into a large tank that initially held 100 L of brine solution in which was dissolved 0.4 kg of salt. The solution inside the tank is kept well stirred and flows out of the tank at the same rate. If the concentration of salt in the brine entering the tank is 0.04 kg/L, determine the mass of salt in the tank after t min. When will the concentration of salt in the tank reach 0.01 kg/L? Determine the mass of salt in the tank after t min, mass = | kgarrow_forward
- 1. Fresh air containing 4.00 mole % water vapor is to be cooled and dehumidified to a water content of 1.70 mole% H20. A stream of fresh air is combined with a recycle stream of previously dehumidified air and passed through the cooler. The blended stream entering the unit contains 2.30 mole% H2O. In the air conditioner, some of the water in the feed stream is condensed and removed as liquid. A fraction of the humidified air delivered to the cooler is recycled and the remainder is delivered to a room. Taking 100 mole of dehumidified air delivered to the room as a basis of calculation; calculate the moles of fresh feed, moles of water condensed, and moles of dehumidified air recycled. Recycle stream (R) Fresh air (F) Dehumidifier → 100 moles Water removed (Y)arrow_forwardb) A plot of land was explored and found to contain 1,000,000 grams of gold. The average goldconcentration was found to be 0.8 grams per ton. A mine was set up on it and sluice boxes were used as the main gold recovery units and recovered200,000 g of gold from 80% of the ore. The concentration ratio of the sluice boxes was 10,000.The field was mined again. On this occasion bowl concentrators were used. The feed used wasestimated to be 800,000 tons and the concentration ratio of this unit was 20,000. 750,000 grams ofgold was recovered. Calculate the following: i) the Quantity and grade concentrate from the sluice boxes .................. ..................... ii) the quantity and grade of the concentrate from the bowl concentrator plant. .............. iii) the quantity and grade of the material remaining at this location...................................arrow_forwardThe aqueous solution of acetic with a flow rate of 1000 kg/hr contains 30% acetic acid by mass and will be extracted in a countercurrent multistage process with pure isopropyl ether (IPE) to reduce the acetic acid concentration in the final raffinate phase (LN) to 2% by mass. a) Calculate the minimum solvent flow. b) Determine the theoretical number of steps required when using a solvent of 1.5 minimum solvent flow rate. c) Determine the number of theoretical steps using the McCabe-Thiele method. Chart. Acetic acid (A)-Water (B)-isopropyl ether (IPE) (C) LIQUID-Liquid Balances at 1 atm pressure and 293 K Water layer (%) Water (B) Isopropyl ether layer (%) Water (B) 0.6 Acetic acid (A) IPE (C) Acetic acid (A) IPE (C) 98.8 1.2 99.4 99.3 98.9 0.69 98.1 1.2 0.18 0.5 1.41 97.1 1.5 0.37 0.7 2.89 95.5 1.6 0.79 98.4 91.7 1.9 1.0 97.1 6.42 13.30 25.50 36.70 1.9 93.3 4.82 11.40 2.3 84.4 71.1 3.4 3.9 84.7 71.5 21.60 31.10 58.9 4.4 6.9 58.1 48.7 10.6 10.8 45.1 37.1 44.30 46.40 16.5 36.20 15.1…arrow_forward
- A tank contains 400 liters of brine holding 100kg of salt in solution. Water containing 125g of salt per liter flows into the tank at the rate of 12 liters per minute, and the mixture, kept uniform by stirring, flows out at the same rate. Find the amount of salt at the end of 90 minutes.arrow_forwardAn evaporation-crystallization process is used to obtain solid potassium sulfate from an aqueous solution of this salt. The fresh feed to the process contains 19.6% wt K2SO4 The wet filter cake consists of solid K2SO4 crystals and 40 % wt K2SO4 solution, in a ratio 10 kg crystals/kg solution. The filte a 40% solution is recycled to join the fresh food. Of the water fed to the evaporator, 45% is evaporated The evaporator has a maximum capacity of 175 kg/hr water evaporales Calculate a) The maximam production rate of solid K2SO4 b) The rate at which fresh feed must be supplied to achieve this production rate c) The ratio kg recycle kg fresh feedarrow_forwardTwo aqueous sulfuric acid solutions are available at a processing facility: 20.0 wt% H2SO4 (sg = 1.139) 60.0 wt% H2SO4 (sg = 1.498) It is desired to mix the two solutions such that the final product has a concentration of 4.00 M (sg-1.213). There is 100 kg of the 20% solution available. If all of this is to be used, calculate: The mass of 60% solution needed The mass and composition of the final productarrow_forward
- A mixture containing 42 wt% benzene (B) and 58 wt% toluene (T) is fed to a distillation column at a flow rate of 100 kg per minute. The product steam leaving the top of the column (the overhead product) contains 90 wt% benzene and 85 wt% of the total benzene fed to the column exits in this overhead product stream. Calculate the mass flow rate and mass composition of the product stream leaving the bottom of the column. Calculate the volumetric flow rate of the overhead product, assuming that it exits the distillation column as a vapour stream at 82C and 1 atm (abs). Physical Property Data (S.G.= specific gravity) from table B-1: Benzene S.G. = 0.879 MW = 78.11 g/mol Toluene S.G. = 0.866 MW = 92.13 g/mol Water Density = 1.00 kg/L MW = 18.02 g/mol R = 0.08206 L atm/mol Karrow_forwardThe % purity of a powdered crude sample of Na^2CO^3 containing only inert impurities is to be determined by reacting 225.0 mg of the crude sample to 10.0 mL of 3.00 M HCl solution, and bubbling the resulting CO2(g) product in water that is at exactly 29 °C. After the reaction has completed, the level of the liquid inside the eudiometer rests 4.30 cm above the water level in the beaker. The graduation on the eudiometer indicates that the trapped gas is 44.37 mL. The experiment was done under a barometric pressure of 755.2 torr. What is the % purity of the sample to the nearest whole number?arrow_forwardThe % purity of a powdered crude sample of Na^2CO^3 containing only inert impurities is to be determined by reacting 225.0 mg of the crude sample to 10.0 mL of 3.00 M HCl solution, and bubbling the resulting CO2(g) product in water that is at exactly 29 °C. After the reaction has completed, the level of the liquid inside the eudiometer rests 4.30 cm above the water level in the beaker. The graduation on the eudiometer indicates that the trapped gas is 44.37 mL. The experiment was done under a barometric pressure of 755.2 torr. Write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction in your solutions sheet. What is the sum of all the coefficients of the balanced chemical equation? Determine the pressure of the trapped gas inside the eudiometer in mmHg. Determine the partial pressure of the collected CO^2 in mm Hg. How many millimoles of CO^2 was collected? What is the % purity of the sample to the nearest whole number?arrow_forward
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