Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The gauge pressure
Concept introduction:
The gauge pressure
(b)
Interpretation:
A possible explanation for the lower value of pressure at the tap estimated in Part (a), but the measurement at junction is as predicted, is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Water is an incompressible fluid. The fluid pressure is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area and inversely proportional to the velocity.
(c)
Interpretation:
The responsible factors for the low water flow to the sink are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Water is an incompressible fluid. The fluid pressure is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area and inversely proportional to the velocity.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- Calculate the total mass of precipitable water (the answer in tons) in the saturated air column 9.5 km high above 4.8 km2 (square kilometers) of the ground surface. The surface pressure is 101.2 kPa, the surface air temperature is 23 °C, and the lapse rate is 6.1°C/km. Taking the increment in elevation by 1.5 km, the gas constant Ra can be considered as 287 J/kg-K. A) 251941.114 B) 219425.876 C) 941251.411 D) 114941.251 E) None of the abovearrow_forward20. A mixture consisting of 6 kg of O, and 9 kg of N, has a pressure of 3 bar and temperature of 20°C. For the mixture determine the following : (i) The mole fraction of each component ; (iii) The specific gas constant; (v) The partial pressures and partial volumes. (ii) The average molecular weight ; (iv) The volume and density; [Ans. (i) 0.3684, 0.6315 ; (iüi) 29.475 ; (iii) 0.282 kJ/kg K ; (iv) 4.13 m?, 3.629 kg/m² ; (v) 1.1 bar, 1.894 bar ; 1.52 m², 2.61 m²)arrow_forward1. 0.45 kg of carbon monoxide (28) and 1 kg of air at 15°C are contained in a vessel of volume 0.4 m'. Calculate the partial pressure of each constituent and the total pressure in the vessel. The gravimetric analysis of air is to be taken as 23.3% oxygen (32) and 76.7% nitrogen (28). IAns. Po, = 0.4359 bar; PN, = 1.64 bar, Poo = 0.962 bar]arrow_forward
- factory farm R downstream The above figure shows a river flowing downstream towards the sea. A factory and farm can be found along the river. Water samples were collected from point P, Q and R in the river and analyzed for water quality parameters to measure the health of the river and to propose suitable remediation methods. a. Which part of the river could be the least polluted? Provide your justification. b. Elevated levels of nitrogen was observed in the effluent at point Q. Recommend TWO (2) ways to reduce the levels of nitrogen into the river.arrow_forwardA gas mixture at 300K and 1 bar analyzing by volume 20% N2 and 80% CH4 is subjected to liquefaction at the rate of 1500 kg/hr. It is found that only 30% (weight) of the entering gas is liquefied and the concentration of N2 in the liquid is 60% by weight. The unliquefied gas leaves the unit at 273K and 1 bar. Determine (a) the volume of the unliquefied gas, m3/hr (b) the composition of the gas leaving expressed as volume %.arrow_forwardP1A.6 The molar mass of a newly synthesized fluorocarbon was measured in a gas microbalance. is device consists of a glass bulb forming one end of a beam, the whole surrounded by a closed container. The beam is pivoted, and the balance point is attained by raising the pressure of gas in the container, so increasing the buoyancy of the enclosed bulb. In one experiment, the balance point was reached when the fluorocarbon pressure was 327.10Torr; for the same setting of the pivot, a balance was reached when CHF3 (M = 70.014 g mol−1) was introduced at 423.22 Torr. A repeat of the experiment with a di erent setting of the pivot required a pressure of 293.22 Torr of the uorocarbon and 427.22 Torr of the CHF3. What is the molar mass of the fluorocarbon? Suggest a molecular formula.arrow_forward
- P1A.6 The molar mass of a newly synthesized fluorocarbon was measured in a gas microbalance. is device consists of a glass bulb forming one end of a beam, the whole surrounded by a closed container. e beam is pivoted, and the balance point is attained by raising the pressure of gas in the container, so increasing the buoyancy of the enclosed bulb. In one experiment, the balance point was reached when the fluorocarbon pressure was 327.10Torr; for the same setting of the pivot, a balance was reached when CHF3 (M = 70.014 g mol−1) was introduced at 423.22 Torr. A repeat of the experiment with a di erent setting of the pivot required a pressure of 293.22 Torr of the uorocarbon and 427.22 Torr of the CHF3. What is the molar mass of the fluorocarbon? Suggest a molecular formula.arrow_forwardTwo tanks are connected by a series of pipes as shown below. Tank 1 initially contains 150 grams of salt dissolved in 20 liters of water, while tank 2 contains 50 grams of salt dissolved in 10 liters of water. Beginning at time t = 0, pure water is pumped into tank 1 at a volumetric flow rate of 3 liters per minute. This causes brine to flow between the tanks, and to flow out of both tanks at the volumetric flow rates shown in the Fig. 2. Determine the salt concentration in each tank (C, and C2) at any time t>0.arrow_forwardA steel cylinder containing compressed air is stored in a fermentation laboratory ready to provide aeration gas to a small-scale bioreactor. The capacity of the cylinder is 48 litres, the absolute pressure is 0.35 MPa and the temperature is 22°C. One day in mid-summer when the air conditioning breaks down, the temperature in the laboratory rises to 33°C and the valve at the top of the cylinder is accidentally left open. Estimate the proportion of air that will be lost. What assumptions will you make? 2 24 C.arrow_forward
- A steel cylinder containing compressed air is stored in a fermentation laboratory ready to provide aeration gas to a small-scale bioreactor. The capacity of the cylinder is 48 liters, the absolute pressure is 0.35 MPa and the temperature is 22°C. One day in mid-summer when the air conditioning breaks down, the temperature in the laboratory rises to 33°C and the valve at the top of the cylinder is accidentally left open. Estimate the proportion of air that will be lost.arrow_forwardA steady-state process to recover crystalline potassium chromate (K,CrOz) from an aqueous solution of this salt is required. Four thousand kilograms per hour of a solution that is one-third K,CrO, by mass is joined by a recycle stream containing 36.4% K2CrO7, and the combined stream is fed into an evaporator. The concentrated stream leaving the evaporator contains 49.4% K,CrO; this stream is fed into a crystallizer in which it is cooled (causing crystals of K,CrO, to come out of solution) and then filtered. The filter cake consists of K,CrO, crystals and a solution that contains 36.4% K,CrO, by mass; the crystals account for 95% of the total mass of the filter cake. The solution that passes through the filter, also 36.4% K,CrO,, is the recycle stream. 1- Draw the flowchart of the system and put all known information. 2- Calculate the rate of evaporation, the rate of production of crystalline K,CrO7, the feed rates that the evaporator and the crystallizer must be designed to handle, and…arrow_forwardAn ether solution of cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CDA), a compound with two carboxyl (COOH) groups, was extracted with a 10.0% NAHCO3(aq) solution. Assume that reaction between cyclohexane- 1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CDA) and NaHCO:(aq) goes to completion:i.e., the limiting reagent (CDA) is used up and both carboxyl groups of the acid react. HO HO cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid In the space below, provide the balanced chemical equation for the complete deprotonation of cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CDA) by sodium bicarbonate, in which both carboxyl groups react. Provide chemical structures ( not molecular formulae) of all reactants/reagents & products:arrow_forward
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