Fundamentals Of Engineering Thermodynamics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781119391388
Author: MORAN, Michael J., SHAPIRO, Howard N., Boettner, Daisie D., Bailey, Margaret B.
Publisher: Wiley,
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.15P
To determine
a. Inlet Volumetric Flow Rate
b. Inlet Mass Flow Rate
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1. Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), v =
718 J/(kg K)-
a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional
area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s
at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional
area of 5 m2 The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a
velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kl/kg heat is lost.
2 Compre
1 Conttnhanbe
Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine.
(i)
In analysing this nozzle using the 1st law of thermodynamics, the change in which type of
energy is negligible?
(ii)
Determine the density and velocity of the air entering the nozzle.
(ii)
Calculate the density of the air as it leaves the nozzle.
(iv)
Determine the temperature of the air as it leaves the nozzle.…
Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K).
A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and duringthis process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost.
(i) In analysing this nozzle using the 1st law of thermodynamics,the change in which type of energy is negligible?
(ii) Determine the density and velocity of the air entering thenozzle.
(iii) Calculate the density of the air as it leaves the nozzle.
An oil pump operating at steady state delivers oil at a rate of 10 Ib/s through a 1-in-diameter exit pipe. The oil, which can be modeled
as incompressible, has a density of 85 Ib/ft and experiences a pressure rise from inlet to exit of 40 lIb;/in?. There is no significant
elevation difference between inlet and exit, and the inlet kinetic energy is negligible. Heat transfer between the pump and its
surroundings is negligible, and there is no significant change in temperature as the oil passes through the pump.
Determine the velocity of the oil at the exit of the pump, in ft/s, and the power required for the pump, in hp.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Fundamentals Of Engineering Thermodynamics
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.2ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.4ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.5ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.6ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.7ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.8ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.9ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.10E
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.12ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.13ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.14ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.15ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.1CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.11CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.16CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.19CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.20CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.23CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.30CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.31CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.32CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.33CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.39CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.51CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.16PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.19PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.30PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.31PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.33PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.51PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.52PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.53PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.55PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.56PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.59PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.60PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.61PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.62PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.63PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.64PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.65PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.66PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.67PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.68PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.69PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.70PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.71PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.72PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.73PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.74PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.75PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.76PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.77PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.78PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.81PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.82PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.83PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.84PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.85PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.86PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.87PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.88P
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- 2. A rigid tank (volume = V) containing an ideal gas is initially at T, and P. At time zero, an exit pipe (area = A) is opened and gas flows out of the tank at velocity v = K(P – Pam)2, where P is the pressure in the tank, Patm is the pressure of the atmosphere outside the tank, and K is a constant. The temperature of the gas in the tank is maintained at T, during the process. The pressure and the temperature of the gas exiting the tank are Patm and T1, respectively. Assume that, inside the tank, the pressure and specific volume do not vary with position. %3D A. Derive a differential equation for the tank pressure P as a function of time t. B. Determine the time required for the tank pressure to reach Patm:arrow_forwardWhere necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost.Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine. (i) In analysing this nozzle using the 1st law of thermodynamics, the change in which type of energy is negligible?arrow_forwardWhere necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost. Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine.(ii) Determine the density and velocity of the air entering thenozzle.arrow_forward
- Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost.Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine.(iii) Calculate the density of the air as it leaves the nozzle.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows a turbine-driven pump that provides water to a mixing chamber located dz = 5 m higher than the pump, where in = 50 kg/s. Steady-state operating data for the turbine and pump are labeled on the figure. Heat transfer from the water to its surroundings occurs at a rate of 2 kW. For the turbine, heat transfer with the surroundings and potential energy effects are negligible. Kinetic energy effects at all numbered states can be ignored. h2 = 417.69 kJ/kg Mixing chamber Ocy = 2 kW Steam P3 = 30 bar T3 = 400°C dz Turbine Pump P4 = 5 bar T4 = 180°C Saturated liquid water m, Pi = 1 bar Determine: (a) the magnitude of the pump power, in kW. (b) the mass flow rate of steam, in kg/s, that flows through the turbine.arrow_forwardFor a certain gas with constant, R = 320 J/(kg-K) and constant volume specific heat, Cv = 184 J/(kg-K), what is the value of constant pressure specific heat, Cp if the system undergoes a reversible non flow constant pressurearrow_forward
- The figure shows data for a portion of the ducting in a ventilation system operating at steady state. The ducts are well insulated and the pressure is very nearly 1 atm throughout. The volumetric flow rate entering at state 2 is AV2 = 4000 ft?/min. Assume the ideal gas model for air with c, = 0.24 Btu/lb-°R and ignore kinetic and potential energy effects. (AV): = 5000 ft/min Air, cy = 0.24 Btu/lb*R T = 80°F p=1 atm 3 V3 = 400 fumin T3 = ? -Insulation (AV)2 T2 = 40°F n'imin %3D Determine the temperature of the air at the exit, in °F, and the rate of entropy production within the ducts, in Btu/min-°R.arrow_forwardInitially contains Air: P1 = 30 lbf/in^2 T1 = 540 °F V1 = 4 ft^3 Second phase of process involving Air to a final state: P2 = 20 lbf/in^2 V2 = 4.5 ft^3 Wheel transfers energy TO the air by WORK at 1 Btu. Energy transfers TO the air by HEAT at 12 Btu. Ideal Gas Behavior. Find T2 in Radians. Wpw =-1 Btu Ima Q = -12 Btu Air Wpist = ? Initially, p₁ = 30 lbf/in.², T₁ = 540°F, V₁ = 4 ft³. Finally, p2 = 20 lbf/in.², V₂ = 4.5 ft³.arrow_forwardIdentify whether the given property is a state or path function: Work Heat Volume Pressure Temperaturearrow_forward
- The figure shows data for a portion of the ducting in a ventilation system operating at steady state. The ducts are well insulated and the pressure is very nearly 1 atm throughout. The volumetric flow rate entering at state 2 is AV₂ = 3600 ft3/min. Assume the ideal gas model for air with cp = 0.24 Btu/lb-ºR and ignore kinetic and potential energy effects. (AV)₁ = 5000 ft³/min Air, Cp=0.24 Btu/lb R T₁ = 80°F p=1 atm 2 (AV)₂ T₂ = 40°F ft³/min 3 V3 = 400 ft/min T3 = ? -Insulation Determine the temperature of the air at the exit, in °F, and the rate of entropy production within the ducts, in Btu/min.°R.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows a turbine-driven pump that provides water to a mixing chamber located dz = 25 m higher than the pump, where in = 20 kg/s. Steady-state operating data for the turbine and pump are labeled on the figure. Heat transfer from the water to its surroundings occurs at a rate of 2 kW. For the turbine, heat transfer with the surroundings and potential energy effects are negligible. Kinetic energy effects at all numbered states can be ignored. h = 417.69 kJ/kg Mixing chamber Ocy = 2 kW Steam P3 = 30 bar T3 = 400°C dz Wev Turbine Pump P4 = 5 bar 4 T = 180°C Saturated liquid water m, PL = 1 bar Determine: (a) the magnitude of the pump power, in kW. (b) the mass flow rate of steam, in kg/s, that flows through the turbine.arrow_forwardThe vapour pressure, p, of a gas varies with temperature as follows:arrow_forward
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