Fundamentals Of Engineering Thermodynamics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781119391388
Author: MORAN, Michael J., SHAPIRO, Howard N., Boettner, Daisie D., Bailey, Margaret B.
Publisher: Wiley,
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.22CU
To determine
The reason why relative velocity is normal to flow boundary appears in mass flow rate equation.
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Figure P4.15 provides steady-state data for air flowing through a rectangular duct. Assuming ideal gas
behavior for the air, determine the inlet volumetric flow rate, in ft³/s, and inlet mass flow rate, lb/s. If you
can determine the volumetric flow rate and mass flow rate at the exit, evaluate them. If not, explain why.
1
T
4 in.
Air
V₁=3 ft/s
T₁ = 95°F
P₁ = 16 lbf/in.²
6 in.
P₂ = 15 lbffin.²
1. Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), v =
718 J/(kg K)-
a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional
area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s
at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional
area of 5 m2 The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a
velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kl/kg heat is lost.
2 Compre
1 Conttnhanbe
Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine.
(i)
In analysing this nozzle using the 1st law of thermodynamics, the change in which type of
energy is negligible?
(ii)
Determine the density and velocity of the air entering the nozzle.
(ii)
Calculate the density of the air as it leaves the nozzle.
(iv)
Determine the temperature of the air as it leaves the nozzle.…
Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K).
a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost.Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine.
(i) In analysing this nozzle using the 1st law of thermodynamics, the change in which type of energy is negligible?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Fundamentals Of Engineering Thermodynamics
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.2ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.4ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.5ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.6ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.7ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.8ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.9ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.10E
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.12ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.13ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.14ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.15ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.1CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.11CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.16CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.19CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.20CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.23CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.30CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.31CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.32CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.33CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.39CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.51CUCh. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.16PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.19PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.30PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.31PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.33PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.51PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.52PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.53PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.55PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.56PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.59PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.60PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.61PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.62PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.63PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.64PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.65PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.66PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.67PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.68PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.69PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.70PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.71PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.72PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.73PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.74PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.75PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.76PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.77PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.78PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.81PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.82PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.83PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.84PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.85PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.86PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.87PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.88P
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- (a) A substance flows through a turbine at the rate of 100 lb./min with ΔKE = 0 and Q = 0. At entry, its pressure is 175 psia, its volume is 3.16 ft.3/lb., and its internal energy is 1166.7 BTU/lb. At exit, its pressure is 0.813 psia, its volume is 328 ft.3/lb., and its internal energy is 854.6 BTU/lb. What horsepower is developed? (b) The same as (a) except that the heat loss from the turbine is 10 BTU/lb. of steam.arrow_forwardWhere necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost.Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine.(iii) Calculate the density of the air as it leaves the nozzle.arrow_forwardWhere necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost. Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine.(ii) Determine the density and velocity of the air entering thenozzle.arrow_forward
- Question 2 (cont'd) (b) As shown in Figure 2.3, a liquid of density p flows upwards against gravity through a contraction. The vertical height of the contraction is B. The liquid pressure, flow velocity and cross sectional area at the contraction inlet (Station 1) are P₁, V₁ and A₁, respectively, whereas the liquid pressure, flow velocity and cross sectional area at the contraction outlet (Station 2) are P₂, V2 and 42, respectively. Assume that the liquid is inviscid and the flow is steady. A U-tube manometer is used to measure the difference in pressure between Stations 1 and 2. The manometer contains a liquid of density 1.2p, and the difference in liquid levels in both limbs of the manometer is H. (i) (ii) Obtain an expression for the pressure difference (PP) between the contraction inlet and outlet solely in terms of the quantities p, g, B, Vi, A₁ and A₂. ME2134E/TME2134 Obtain an expression for the difference in liquid levels in both limbs of the manometer H solely in terms of the…arrow_forward4.0 Four pounds of air gain 0.491 Btu/*R of entropy during a nonflow isothermal process. If p, = 120 psia and V, = 42.5 ft', find (a) V, and T1, (b) W, (c) Q and (d) AU. Answer (a) 7.093 ft',574.5°R; (b) 282.1 Btu; (c) 282.1 Btu; (d) 0arrow_forwardQ.4 The vander Walls equation of state is (p+a/ V) (v-b) = RT, where p is pressure, v is specific volume, T is temperature and R is characteristic gas constant The SI unit of a is A J/kg-K 3 m°/kg В C m5kg-s2 C D Pa/kgarrow_forward
- Unless otherwise stated, take R = 287 J/kg K for air (model as a perfect gas at standard atmospheric pressure and temperature), p = 1000 kg/m³ for water, p = 13530 kg/m³ for Mercury and g = 9.81 m/s². %3D Express answers as gauge pressures unless otherwise stated. 1. Air flows along a pipe with velocity 30 m/s, and a water manometer attached to a pressure tap in the pipe wall shows a differential head of 150 mm above atmospheric pressure. Calculate: a. The static pressure on the pipe wall b. The dynamic pressure C. The stagnation pressurearrow_forwardSteam flows at a steady state through a converging insulated nozzle, 25cm long and with an inlet diameter of 5cm. At the nozzle entrance (state 1), the temperature and pressure are 325C and 700kPa and the velocity is 30ms1 At the nozzle exit(state 2), the steam temperature and pressure are 240C and 350kPa. What is the outlet volume and what will the diameter be, using steam tables?arrow_forwardFour pounds of air gain 0.491 Btu/°R of entropy during a non-flow isothermal process. If P1 = 120 psia and V2 = 42.5 ft³, find a. V1 and T1 b. Wn c. Q and d. Change in U.arrow_forward
- 2. Four pounds of air gain 0.491 Btu/°R of entropy during a nonflow isothermal process. If p₁ = 120 psia and V₂ = 42.5 ft³, find (a) V₁ and T₁, (b) W, (c) Q, and (d) AU. Ans. (a) 7.093 ft³, 574.5°R; (b) 282.1 Btu; (c) 282.1 Btu; (d) 0arrow_forwardArgon gas flows through a well-insulated nozzle at steady state. The temperature and velocity at the inlet are 590°R and 150 ft/s, respectively. At the exit, the temperature is 500°R and the pressure is 40 Ib;/in?. The area of the exit is 0.0085 ft2. Use the ideal gas model with k = 1.67, and neglect potential energy effects. Determine the velocity at the exit, in ft/s, and the mass flow rate, in Ib/s.arrow_forwardA liquid expands reversibly in keeping with a linear regulation from 4.5 bar to 2 bar. The preliminary and very last volumes are 0.008 m^3 and 0.03 m^3. The fluid is then cooled reversibly at regular pressure, and subsequently compressed reversibly in keeping with a regulation pv regular again to the preliminary situations of 4.5 bar and 0.008 m^3. Calculate: a) the volume at the start isothermal compression. b) the work completed in every process, and c) the network of the cycle. Assume liquid as fluidarrow_forward
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