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All Textbook Solutions for Sustainable Energy

1P A simple way of looking at the energy associated with the combustion of methane [as shown in equation (1.15)] is to view the oxidation of the carbon by equation (1.13) and the oxidation of hydrogen by equation (1.19). Based on the energies involved in these processes, discuss the validity of this approach.3P One gram of methane is burned, and the heat is used to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water. If the initial temperature of the water is 25C, what is the final temperature?5P 6P 7P 8P A quantity has a doubling time of 110 years. Estimate the annual percent increase in the quantity.The population of a particular country has a doubling time of 45 years. When will the population be three times its present value? 4P 5P The total world population in 2012 was about 7 billion, and Figure 2.11 shows that at that time the actual world population growth rate was about 1% per year. The figure also shows an anticipated roughly linear decrease in growth rate that extrapolates to zero growth in about the year 2080. Assuming an average growth rate of 0.5% between 2012 and 2080, what would the world population be in 2080? How does this compare with estimates discussed in the text for limits to human population?The population of a state is 25,600 in the year 1800 and 218,900 in the year 1900. Calculate the expected population in the year 2000 if (a) the growth is linear and (b) the growth is exponential.The population of a country as a function of time is shown in the following table. Is the growth exponential?9P Write down the chemical formulae for the combustion of the alkanes in Table 3.2 with n = 2 to n = 8. Determine the mass of CO2 produced per megajoule of energy.2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P Pluto has no atmosphere and has an average orbital diameter that is 39.2 times that of the earth. The mean surface temperature is 37 K. Estimate the albedo of Pluto.2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P A sample of 137Cs (half-life = 30.1 years) decays at a rate of 1010 decays per second. How long will it take the decay rate to decrease to 107 decays per second?4P What are the decay products of the decay of the following nuclides: 3H, 14C, 64Cu, and 125Sn?6P Nuclide A has a half-life of 4 days, and nuclide B has a half-life of 16 days. At the beginning of an experiment, a sample contains 218 nuclei of nuclide A and 212 nuclei of nuclide B. How long will it take before the numbers of nuclei of the two nuclides are equal?64Cu can decay by both decay and + decay. Draw an appropriate portion of a Segr plot along the lines of Figure 5.3 showing these two decay processes.1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P Compare the masses and volumes of water, concrete, sand, and wood needed to store 106 Btu of heat if the operating temperatures are Tc = 85F and Th = 180F. In each case, calculate the edge length of a square storage unit with a height of 8 ft.1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 1P 2P If hydrogen followed an ideal gas law at all pressures, calculate the pressure at which the density of CHG would exceed that of LH2 (71 kg/m3).4P 5P 6P 7P 8P

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