Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 10, Problem 8P
Consider three different kinds of human libraries: a genomic library, a brain cDNA library, and a liver cDNA library.
| a. | Suppose that all three of these libraries are sufficiently large so as to represent all of the different human |
| b. | Would you expect any of these libraries not to overlap the others at all in terms of the sequences it contains? Explain. |
| c. | How do these three libraries differ in terms of the starting material for constructing the clones in the library? |
| d. | Why would you need to sequence many clones from many cDNA libraries to annotate a genome? |
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1PCh. 10 - List three independent techniques you could use to...Ch. 10 - Figure 10.2a has numbers indicating the...Ch. 10 - Which of the enzymes from the following list would...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5PCh. 10 - a. What sequence information about a gene is...Ch. 10 - Why do geneticists studying eukaryotic organisms...Ch. 10 - Consider three different kinds of human libraries:...Ch. 10 - The human genome has been sequenced, but we still...Ch. 10 - This problem investigates issues encountered in...
Ch. 10 - For the sake of simplicity, Fig. 10.4 omitted one...Ch. 10 - Give two different reasons for the much higher...Ch. 10 - Using a cDNA library, you isolated two different...Ch. 10 - The figure that follows shows part of a modified...Ch. 10 - In Problem 14, cDNAs F and G could not be found in...Ch. 10 - Fig. 10.10 presents a model for exon shuffling in...Ch. 10 - An interesting phenomenon found in vertebrate DNA...Ch. 10 - a. If you found a zinc-finger domain which...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19PCh. 10 - In the human immune system, so-called B cells can...Ch. 10 - Chimpanzees have a set of hemoglobin genes very...Ch. 10 - Complete genome sequences indicate that the human...Ch. 10 - On your computers browser, view the page accessed...Ch. 10 - Prob. 24PCh. 10 - Prob. 25PCh. 10 - Certain individuals with mild forms of...Ch. 10 - The 1 and 2 genes in humans are identical in their...Ch. 10 - Prob. 28P
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- a. What sequence information about a gene is lackingin a cDNA library?b. Can clones in a cDNA library contain 5′ UTR sequences? 3′ UTR sequences?c. Would you be likely to find on average longerORFs in cloned sequences from a genomic libraryor from a cDNA library? Explainarrow_forwardWhat is the main reason for using a cDNA library rather than a genomic library to isolate a human gene from which you wish to make large quantities of the human protein in bacteria? How will you identify clones of interest?arrow_forwardIn the practical you have been analysing a human genomic library. You know from your calculations that only a small proportion of the human genome is represented, even when the entire class results are considered. Therefore, the chance of finding a particular single-copy gene in your library is very small. Outline a strategy for constructing a genomic DNA library more representative of the entire human genome. You will need to consider alternative vectors and the efficiency of transformation of the bacterial cells.arrow_forward
- Assume 2x108 reads of 75 bps long are obtained from a next-generation sequencing experiment to sequence a human genome. Suppose the length of the human genome is 3x109 bps. What is the depth (i.e., coverage) of the sequencing?arrow_forwardSuppose that a human genomic library is prepared by exhaustive digestion of human DNA with the EcoRI restriction enzyme. Fragments averaging about 4 kb in length would be generated. Is this procedure suitable for cloning large genes? Why or why not?arrow_forwardA region of the genome is transcribed into a long non-coding RNA. When used as a query, would matches be expected in BLASTN, BLASTX, or both? Why?arrow_forward
- Could quantitative PCR, which uses a DNA-binding dye, to show how many copies of the target DNA sequence could be used to quantify the amount of mRNA in a cell? Would you expect that a metabolically active tissue such as the liver would show more cDNA copies in such a method, compared to less metabolically active tissues such as skin cells? One reason that the types and amounts of mRNAs are quantified in different tissue types is to compare which genes are activated and which are inactive. It used to be thought that any gene that was transcribed was automatically translated. The discovery of RNA-degrading systems shows that the real situation in cells is more complemented. Do you believe that a larger amount of mRNA of a given type, say for alpha hemoglobin in immature red blood cells is a reliable indicator that more alpha hemoglobin protein will be made in those cells?arrow_forwardAfter Drosophila DNA has been treated with a restriction enzyme, the fragments are inserted into plasmids and selected as clones in E. coli. With the use of this “shotgun” technique, every DNA sequence of Drosophila in a library can be recovered.a. How would you identify a clone that contains DNA encoding the protein actin, whose amino acid sequence is known?b. How would you identify a clone encoding a specific tRNA?arrow_forwardBelow is a sequence of 540 bases from a genome. What information would you use to find the beginnings and ends of open reading frames? How many open reading frames can you find in this sequence? Which open reading frame is likely to represent a protein- coding sequence, and why? Which are probably not functioning protein-coding sequences, and why? Note: for simplicitys sake, analyze only this one strand of the DNA double helix, reading from left to right, so you will only be analyzing three of the six reading frames shown in Figure 19.4.arrow_forward
- "Whole-Genome Sequencing Is Widely Used for Sequencing and Assembling Entire Genomes". Explain this ?arrow_forwardThis problem investigates issues encountered in sequencing the inserts in cDNA libraries.a. If you sequenced many clones individually, wouldn’tyou spend many of your resources inefficiently sequencing cDNAs for the same type of mRNA molecule over and over again? Explain. Does thisapparently inefficient process provide any useful information beyond the sequences of individual mRNAs?b. Suppose that you identified a clone with a cDNA insert that was 4 kb long. You could determine the entire sequence of the clone by shearing the DNA intosmall random fragments, cloning these fragments intoa vector to make a mini-shotgun library, and then sequencing hundreds of these clones to allow the computer to assemble the full sequence of the 4 kb–longinsert. However, this procedure would be inefficient.An alternative that requires many fewer sequencing reactions is called primer walking. This techniqueinvolves the synthesis of additional oligonucleotideprimers corresponding to cDNA sequences you…arrow_forwardA molecular biologist wants to isolate a gene from a scorpion that encodes the deadly toxin found in its stinger, with the ultimate purpose of transferring this gene to bacteria and producing the toxin for use as a commercial pesticide. Isolating the gene requires a DNA library. Should the molecular biologist create a genomic library or a cDNA library? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
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