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GENETIC ANALYSIS: AN INTEG. APP. W/MAS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781323142790
Author: Sanders
Publisher: Pearson Custom Publishing
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 38P
Using your knowledge of DNA repair pathways choose the pathway that would be used to repair the following types of DNA damage. Explain your reasoning.
a. A change in DNA sequence caused by a mistake made by DNA polymerase during replication
b. Heavily damaged bacterial DNA
c. A thymine dimer induced as a result of UV exposure
d. A
e. A
f. A cytosine that has been deaminated to uracil.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true
or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false.
A. The repair polymerase is the enzyme that proofreads the newly synthesized
strands to ensure the accuracy of DNA replication.
B. There is a single enzyme that degrades the RNA primers and lays down the
corresponding DNA sequence behind it.
C. DNA ligase is required to seal the sugar-phosphate backbone between all the
DNA fragments on the lagging strand.
D. The repair polymerase does not require the aid of the sliding clamp, because it is
only synthesizing DNA over very short stretches.
Answer the following questions about DNA replication.
On a DNA strand that is being synthesized, which end is growing the 3' end, the 5' end,
or both ends? Explain your answer.
А.
B. On a DNA strand that is being used as a template, where is the copying occurring relative
to the replication origin-3' of the origin, 5', or both?
Which of the following types of DNA damage would be hardest to repair using the DNA repair pathways?A. Complete removal of three nucleotides in the middle of one strand.B. A covalent bond between a base on one strand and a base on the complementary strand.C. Incorporation of a sugar other than deoxyribose into one strand.D. Covalent attachment of a short polypeptide to a single base.E. A covalent bond between a base and a deoxyribose on the same strand.
Please explain why it's B
Some antibiotic drugs fight infection by interfering with DNA replication, transcription, or translation in bacteria. Indicate whether each of the following antibiotic drug effects is on replication, transcription, or translation.
HINT Each answer (replication, transcription, and translation) is used only once for the following:
a. Rifampin binds to bacterial RNA polymerase.
b. Streptomycin binds bacterial ribosomes, disabling them.
c. Quinolone blocks an enzyme that prevents bacterial DNA from unwinding.
Chapter 12 Solutions
GENETIC ANALYSIS: AN INTEG. APP. W/MAS
Ch. 12 - 11.1 Identify two general ways chemical mutagens...Ch. 12 - 11.2 Nitrous acid and (BU) alter DNA by different...Ch. 12 - 11.19 Using the adeninethymine base pair in this...Ch. 12 - The partial amino acid sequence of a wild-type...Ch. 12 - 5. Thymine is usually in its normal, common form....Ch. 12 - Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is mutagenic.
What...Ch. 12 - Researchers interested in studying mutation and...Ch. 12 - The effect of base - pair substitution mutations...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9PCh. 12 - 11.10 In numerous population studies of...
Ch. 12 - 11.11 Two different mutations are identified in a...Ch. 12 - 11.22 Many human genes are known to have homologs...Ch. 12 - 11.13 Answer the following questions concerning...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14PCh. 12 - Prob. 15PCh. 12 - Prob. 16PCh. 12 - 11.15 A sample of the bacterium is exposed to...Ch. 12 - 11.16 A strain of is identified as having a null...Ch. 12 - Define gene conversion and contrast it with gene...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20PCh. 12 - Prob. 21PCh. 12 - Prob. 22PCh. 12 - Prob. 23PCh. 12 - Prob. 24PCh. 12 - 25. If homologous recombination did not occur,...Ch. 12 - In this chapter, three features of genes or of DNA...Ch. 12 - Briefly compare the production of DNA double -...Ch. 12 - During mismatch repair, why is it necessary to...Ch. 12 - 11.27 Following the spill of a mixture of...Ch. 12 - A geneticist searching for mutations uses the...Ch. 12 - A wild - type culture of haploid yeast is exposed...Ch. 12 - A fragment of a wild - type polypeptide is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33PCh. 12 - 11.40 Common baker’s yeast () is normally grown at...Ch. 12 - 11.41 The two gels illustrated below contain...Ch. 12 - Alkaptonuria is a human autosomal recessive...Ch. 12 - 11.33 In an experiment employing the methods of...Ch. 12 - Using your knowledge of DNA repair pathways choose...Ch. 12 - 11.35 Ataxia telangiectasia is a human inherited...Ch. 12 - 40. Two haploid strains of fungus are fused to...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The experiment below is from a seminal set of experiments in the 1960s that illustrated the role of various repair pathways for DNA damage caused by UV radiation. In this experiment, the scientists isolated E coli strains that are mutant in the Rec A gene, the UvrA gene or both. They then irradiated cultures of each strain with increasing doses of UV light and measured the effect on cell viability. Answer the following questions about this data. A. Which DNA repair pathway and repair activity is inhibited by the Rec A mutant? B. Which DNA repair pathway and repair function is inhibited by UvrA mutant? C. Why is the UvrA/RecA double mutant so much more senitive to UV light than either mutant alone?arrow_forwardMatch the enzymes provided from (1-4) in the list of choices with their matching function (A-D) during DNA replication. A. Disrupts hydrogen bonds between DNA bases B. Can only add nucleotides to an existing 3 OH end C. Can't add nucleotides to a chain, but can make covalent bonds D. Actually a specialized form of RNA polymerase select 1. DNA polymerase select 2. Primase select 3. Ligase select v 4. Helicasearrow_forwardEnzyme function is critically important for the proper replication of DNA. Predict the consequence of a loss of function for each of the following enzymes. a. DNA gyrase b. DNA polymerase III c. DNA ligase d. DNA polymerase Iarrow_forward
- An intermediate step in a novel genome editing tool called "base editing" produces DNA strands with the following nucleotide pairing: T G The final step in "base editing" requires the cell's normal DNA repair machinery to correct the pairing shown above. Given your knowledge of DNA repair, name the repair pathway that would act on the DNA molecule above, and describe all of the steps and proteins involved in this repair pathway. (Hint: Since DNA replication has already been completed in this case, "proofreading" is not the correct answer.)arrow_forwardConsider a DNA molecule with the following structure a. if during replication , the T at position 4 is read as an A resulting in a misincorporation in the new DNA strand . If the misincorporation is not repair , draw or write the results of the second round of replication b. After the second round of replication , what specific type of point mutation is now permanent in the DNA sequence ? c. List the two cellular mechanisms that failed to prevent the establishment of this permanent mutation .arrow_forwardThe function of DNA ligase is to: a. Catalyze formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides b. Catalyze formation of hydrogen bonds between adjacent nucleotides c. Keep single strands of DNA apart during replication d. Facilitate base pairing between single stranded molecules in DNA e. Both a. and d. are correctarrow_forward
- You are studying a colony of cells and determine that some of these cells have a mutated DNA polymerase I that results in loss of function of this enzyme. A) What will the effect of the mutation in DNA polymerase I be on DNA replication? In your answer make sure to describe what would be observed in the leading and lagging strand and explain your reasoning. B) Will this mutation in DNA polymerase I have an impact on another step in DNA replication? In your answer make sure to indicate whether DNA replication will be impacted or not. If it is not, explain why. If it is impacted, then describe the step that is impacted and name the molecule or enzyme involved.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE concerning the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands of DNA in prokaryotic cells? a. O b. The leading strand is synthesized by one polymerase III continuously, and the lagging strand is synthesized by several molecules of DNA polymerase III. d. The leading and lagging strands are synthesized at the same time by the one DNA polymerase I. O c. The leading and lagging strands are synthesized at the same time by the one DNA polymerase III. The leading strand is synthesized by one polymerase III, and the lagging strand is synthesized by DNA polymerase I.arrow_forwardMatch each enzyme name in the left column with the correct descriptive phrase in the right column. a. Topoisomerase II b. DNA ligase c. DNA polymerase y d. Reverse transcriptase i. Catalyzes most nucleotide incorporations in bacterial DNA replication ii. Cleaves RNA in a DNA-RNA hybrid molecule e. DNA polymerase I f. DNA polymerase II iii. Uses a tRNA primer in synthesis of retroviral DNA iv. Acts through an adenylylated DNA inter- mediate v. Catalyzes formation of a double-strand DNA break vi. Catalyzes mitochondrial DNA replicationarrow_forward
- Place the following steps of DNA replication and repair in the correct order by numbering them from 1 to 5. a. A template strand begins to be replicated. b. If the incorrect base is not identified and replaced, it remains as a point mutation in the DNA. c. DNA polymerase identifies and replaces most incorrect bases with the correct base, complementary to the base on the template strand. d. An incorrect base is added to the growing strand of DNA. e. Proteins identify and replace any incorrect bases missed by DNA polymerase.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are true regarding the enzyme primase? a: primase functions during cellular DNA replication. b: without primase activity, DNA polymerase in our cell can NOT begin synthesizing new nucleotide chains. c: primase uses dNTP building blocks d: primase is a polymerase enzyme e: primase functions AFTER DNA helicase activity. Ps: This has multiple answers. thank you.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT TRUE about replication? A. Polynucleotides are made up of deoxynucleotide monophosphates but the substrates are deoxynucleotide triphosphates B. The mechanism of the reaction is nucleophilic addition C. In the formation of primers, nucleotides are added in any direction D. Both nucleotide triphosphates and deoxynucleotide triphosphates are substrates in replication E. Direction of synthesis is 5'23' and lengthens unidirectionally relative to the double strand.arrow_forward
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TISSUE REPAIR Part 1: Repair - Regeneration; Author: ilovepathology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-5EjlS6qjk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY