Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 25P
You know that the mRNA and protein produced by a particular gene are present in brain, liver, and fat cells, but you detect an enzymatic activity associated with this protein only in fat cells. Provide a possible explanation for this phenomenon.
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The human insulin gene contains a number of sequences that are removed in the processing of the mRNA transcript. In spite of the fact that bacterial cells cannot excise these sequences from mRNA transcripts, explain how a gene like this can be cloned into a bacterial cell and produce insulin.
Messenger RNA molecules are very difficult to isolate in bacteria because they are rather quickly degraded in the cell. Can you suggest a reason why this occurs? Eukaryotic mRNAs are more stable and exist longer in the cell than do bacterial mRNAs. Is this an advantage or a disadvantage for a pancreatic cell making large quantities of insulin?
The following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example.
ATGATAGCCAGACTCGCA
Chapter 16 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 16 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 16 - Does each of the following types of gene...Ch. 16 - List five events other than transcription...Ch. 16 - Which eukaryotic RNA polymerase RNA pol I, pol II,...Ch. 16 - You have synthesized an enhancerless GFP reporter...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6PCh. 16 - Yeast genes have cis-acting elements upstream of...Ch. 16 - A single UASG regulates the expression of three...Ch. 16 - Prob. 9PCh. 16 - a. Assume that two transcription factors are...
Ch. 16 - a. You want to create a genetic construct that...Ch. 16 - In Problem 12, you identified a genomic region...Ch. 16 - Prob. 13PCh. 16 - Prob. 14PCh. 16 - Genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16PCh. 16 - Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by a mutation in...Ch. 16 - The human IGF-2R gene is autosomal and maternally...Ch. 16 - Follow the expression of a paternally imprinted...Ch. 16 - Reciprocal crosses were performed using two inbred...Ch. 16 - Interestingly, imprinting can be tissue-specific....Ch. 16 - Prob. 22PCh. 16 - a. How can a single eukaryotic gene give rise to...Ch. 16 - A hunchback gene, a gene necessary for proper...Ch. 16 - You know that the mRNA and protein produced by a...Ch. 16 - You are studying a transgenic mouse strain that...Ch. 16 - Prob. 27PCh. 16 - Scientists have exploited the siRNA pathway to...Ch. 16 - Researchers know that Fru-M controls male sexual...Ch. 16 - The Drosophila gene Sex lethal Sxl is deserving of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 31P
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- The following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATGATAGCACCAGACTCGCAarrow_forwardConsider the mechanism of the enzyme RNase: What would happen to the Km (i.e., would it increase, decrease, or stay the same) if the his12 was mutated to a lysine? Explain. What would happen to the Kcat (i.e., would it increase, decrease, or stay the same) if the his12 was mutated to a valine? Explain.arrow_forwardHemophilia in the Russian royal family was caused by defective protein involved in blood clotting (factor IX). This defective protein was caused by a mutation that altered the splicing of the exons. This genetic change in the splicing pattern created a new stop codon in the mRNA for factor IX. Give an example of how a mutation that altered the splicing sites in the pre-mRNA might lead to a premature stop codon in the gene.arrow_forward
- Hemophilia in the Russian royal family was caused by defective protein involved in blood clotting (factor IX). This defective protein was caused by a mutation that altered the splicing of the exons. This genetic change in the splicing pattern created a new stop codon in the mRNA for factor IX. Is it likely that the mutation has altered at least one base at the exon-intron boundary in the wild-type pre-mRNA? Why or why not?arrow_forwardDescribes a method known as Western blotting that can be used to detect a polypeptide that is translated from a particular mRNA. In this method, a particular polypeptide or protein is detected by an antibody that specifically recognizes a segment of its amino acid sequence. After the antibody binds to the polypeptide within a gel, a secondary antibody (which is labeled) is used to visualize the polypeptide as a dark band.For example, an antibody that recognizes α-galactosidase A couldbe used to specifically detect the amount of α-galactosidase A proteinon a gel. The enzyme α-galactosidase A is defective in individuals with Fabry disease, which shows an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance. Amy, Nan, and Pete are siblings, and Pete has Fabry disease. Aileen, Jason, and Jerry are brothers and sister, and Jerry has Fabry disease. Amy, Nan, and Pete are not related to Aileen, Jason, and Jerry. Amy, Nan, and Aileen are concerned that they could be carriers of a defective…arrow_forwardThe following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATAAGCCAGACTCAGCAarrow_forward
- Consider a stretch of DNA (a hypothetical gene) that has the sequence 5’ ATG-CTA-TCA-TGG-TTC-TAA 3’ A) Transcribe and translate this gene using the genetic code table. Be sure to label the mRNA 3’ and 5’ ends. Write the amino acid sequence using 1 letter abbreviations. B) Now, our hypothetical gene has undergone a mutation. The mutant sequence is....3’ TAC-GAT-AGT-ACC-AAT-ATT 5’5’ ATG-CTA-TCA-TGG-TTA-TAA 3’ Transcribe and translate the mutant sequence. Be sure to label the mRNA 3’ and 5’ ends. Write the amino acid sequence using 1 letter abbreviations. C) Indicate the type of mutation (nonsense, missense, silent, or frame shift) present. D) How severe of a consequence will this mutation likely be in terms of protein function (none, mild, moderate or severe)? Why?arrow_forwardIn eukaryotes there is not a consistent relationship between the length of the coding sequence of a gene and the length of the mature mRNA it encodes, even though one nucleotide in DNA = one nucleotide in pre-mRNA or primary transcript. Explain why this is so.arrow_forwardHere is the model for TfR mRNA regulation (see Fig.), for your convenience. Orange protein (IRP or IREBP), when bound to RNA, protects mRNA from degradation. When Fe is bound to the protein, it cannot bind the mRNA. If you made a radioactive DNA probe specific to TfR mRNA and performed a Northern blot analysis (to detect mRNA) from cells treated with high iron (Fe) concentration what would you expect to see? (a) Low iron RNase A (b) High iron O High levels of RNase O Low levels of TfR mRNA Fe RNase O The result would be the same as untreated cells Degradation O High levels of IRP (or IREBP - iron responsive element binding protein) O High levels of TfR mRNAarrow_forward
- How is it possible that a given mRNA in a cell is found throughout the cytoplasm but the protein that it encodes is only found in a few specific regions of the cytoplasm? Cite a few different possibilities.arrow_forwardHemophilia in the Russian royal family was caused by defective protein involved in blood clotting (factor IX). This defective protein was caused by a mutation that altered the splicing of the exons. This genetic change in the splicing pattern created a new stop codon in the mRNA for factor IX. What effect might this new stop codon have on the primary and tertiary levels of the mutant factor IX protein (compared to the native or wild-type protein).arrow_forwardAnother thalassemic patient had a mutation leading to the production of an mRNA for the β chain of hemoglobin that was 900 nucleotides longer than the normal one. The poly(A) tail of this mutant mRNA was located a few nucleotides after the only AAUAAA sequence in the additional sequence. Propose a mutation that would lead to the production of this altered mRNA.arrow_forward
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