a. To determine: The ways by which Id gene functions if it acts as a repressor. Introduction: Myogenic differentiation (MyoD) is a transcriptional activator which triggers the expression of muscle-specific genes. It helps in the regulation of muscle differentiation. The Id gene is a protein that inhibits the action of MyoD.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The ways by which Id gene functions if it acts as a repressor.

Introduction:

Myogenic differentiation (MyoD) is a transcriptional activator which triggers the expression of muscle-specific genes. It helps in the regulation of muscle differentiation. The Id gene is a protein that inhibits the action of MyoD.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The function of Id gene as an indirect repressor.

Introduction:

A repressor is a DNA or RNA binding protein. It inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding with the operator. It blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter and prevents the gene transcription.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which the amino acid sequence of the Id protein sustain the Id gene as a repressor and indirect repressor.

Introduction:

Transcription is the first process in gene expression in which the information present in double-stranded DNA is copied in a molecule of single-stranded mRNA. The process involves three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

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a. How do bacteria increase the efficiency of gene expression? Is this possible in eukaryotes? b. A mutation in the promoter of Gene K disrupts an enzyme binding site and results in the loss of Gene K expression. Is this change in gene expression likely happening at the transcriptional or the translational level? Explain. c. Propose three different mutations to prevent initiation, elongation, and termination of bacterial transcription, respectively. Explain how/why each mutation would prevent its respective step. (Hint: mutations can be in genes that encode proteins or regulatory DNA sequences)

E. coli has five genes that code for enzymes that make tryptophan. These genes are regulated by a single promoter and transcribed as one long gene. The presence of tryptophan shut down the production of tryptophan by the cell by binding to the repressor. This changes the repressors shape allowing it to bind to DNA operator, blocking RNA polymerase and cutting off the production of tryptophan. a. Describe what would happen to the operon if some of the cells had a mutation on the repressor, not allowing it to bind with tryptophan. The repressor is described as an allosteric protein. What does this mean? b. Does the tryptophan model demonstrate an inducible or repressible operon? What is your evidence?*

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The ways by which Id gene functions if it acts as a repressor.

Introduction:

Myogenic differentiation (MyoD) is a transcriptional activator which triggers the expression of muscle-specific genes. It helps in the regulation of muscle differentiation. The Id gene is a protein that inhibits the action of MyoD.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The function of Id gene as an indirect repressor.

Introduction:

A repressor is a DNA or RNA binding protein. It inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding with the operator. It blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter and prevents the gene transcription.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which the amino acid sequence of the Id protein sustain the Id gene as a repressor and indirect repressor.

Introduction:

Transcription is the first process in gene expression in which the information present in double-stranded DNA is copied in a molecule of single-stranded mRNA. The process involves three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The ways by which Id gene functions if it acts as a repressor.

Introduction:

Myogenic differentiation (MyoD) is a transcriptional activator which triggers the expression of muscle-specific genes. It helps in the regulation of muscle differentiation. The Id gene is a protein that inhibits the action of MyoD.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The function of Id gene as an indirect repressor.

Introduction:

A repressor is a DNA or RNA binding protein. It inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding with the operator. It blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter and prevents the gene transcription.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which the amino acid sequence of the Id protein sustain the Id gene as a repressor and indirect repressor.

Introduction:

Transcription is the first process in gene expression in which the information present in double-stranded DNA is copied in a molecule of single-stranded mRNA. The process involves three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The ways by which Id gene functions if it acts as a repressor.

Introduction:

Myogenic differentiation (MyoD) is a transcriptional activator which triggers the expression of muscle-specific genes. It helps in the regulation of muscle differentiation. The Id gene is a protein that inhibits the action of MyoD.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The function of Id gene as an indirect repressor.

Introduction:

A repressor is a DNA or RNA binding protein. It inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding with the operator. It blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter and prevents the gene transcription.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which the amino acid sequence of the Id protein sustain the Id gene as a repressor and indirect repressor.

Introduction:

Transcription is the first process in gene expression in which the information present in double-stranded DNA is copied in a molecule of single-stranded mRNA. The process involves three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The ways by which Id gene functions if it acts as a repressor.

Introduction:

Myogenic differentiation (MyoD) is a transcriptional activator which triggers the expression of muscle-specific genes. It helps in the regulation of muscle differentiation. The Id gene is a protein that inhibits the action of MyoD.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The function of Id gene as an indirect repressor.

Introduction:

A repressor is a DNA or RNA binding protein. It inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding with the operator. It blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter and prevents the gene transcription.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which the amino acid sequence of the Id protein sustain the Id gene as a repressor and indirect repressor.

Introduction:

Transcription is the first process in gene expression in which the information present in double-stranded DNA is copied in a molecule of single-stranded mRNA. The process involves three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The ways by which Id gene functions if it acts as a repressor.

Introduction:

Myogenic differentiation (MyoD) is a transcriptional activator which triggers the expression of muscle-specific genes. It helps in the regulation of muscle differentiation. The Id gene is a protein that inhibits the action of MyoD.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The ways by which Id gene functions if it acts as a repressor.

Introduction:

Myogenic differentiation (MyoD) is a transcriptional activator which triggers the expression of muscle-specific genes. It helps in the regulation of muscle differentiation. The Id gene is a protein that inhibits the action of MyoD.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The function of Id gene as an indirect repressor.

Introduction:

A repressor is a DNA or RNA binding protein. It inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding with the operator. It blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter and prevents the gene transcription.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The function of Id gene as an indirect repressor.

Introduction:

A repressor is a DNA or RNA binding protein. It inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding with the operator. It blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter and prevents the gene transcription.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which the amino acid sequence of the Id protein sustain the Id gene as a repressor and indirect repressor.

Introduction:

Transcription is the first process in gene expression in which the information present in double-stranded DNA is copied in a molecule of single-stranded mRNA. The process involves three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which the amino acid sequence of the Id protein sustain the Id gene as a repressor and indirect repressor.

Introduction:

Transcription is the first process in gene expression in which the information present in double-stranded DNA is copied in a molecule of single-stranded mRNA. The process involves three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 16 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 16 - Does each of the following types of gene...Ch. 16 - List five events other than transcription...Ch. 16 - Which eukaryotic RNA polymerase RNA pol I, pol II,...Ch. 16 - You have synthesized an enhancerless GFP reporter...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6P Ch. 16 - Yeast genes have cis-acting elements upstream of...Ch. 16 - A single UASG regulates the expression of three...Ch. 16 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16 - a. Assume that two transcription factors are...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the Id gene inhibits MyoD's action by binding to DNA at the same site where the enhancer has bound.

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Solution Summary: The author explains that the Id gene inhibits MyoD's action by binding to DNA at the same site where the enhancer has bound.

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b. To determine: The function of Id gene as an indirect repressor. Introduction: A repressor is a DNA or RNA binding protein. It inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding with the operator. It blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter and prevents the gene transcription.

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Chapter 16 Solutions