Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 23P
| a. | How can a single eukaryotic gene give rise to several different types of mRNA molecules? |
| b. | Excluding the possible rare polycistronic message, how can a single mRNA molecule in a eukaryotic cell produce proteins with different activities? |
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2b) Prokaryotic cells can and do produce "polycistronic" mRNAs, which have multiple independent coding sequences coding for separate proteins on the same mRNA strand. Eukaryotic cells don't have polycistronic mRNAs, because only the first (most 5') coding sequence on such an mRNA would ever be translated in a eukaryotic cell. Explain why this is the case - why wouldn't a second, more 3' coding sequence on an mRNA be translated in a eukaryotic cell?
1)A. how do you read a sequence of DNA (template or non-template strand) to convert it
an mRNA sequence and to a protein?
B.How does chromatin remodeling regulate gene transcription?
C. What are the major differences between gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes
D. How are non-coding regions involved in gene transcription?
E. Explain how eukaryotic genes sometimes produce multiple protein products?
a) What is a mutation in molecular terms? b) a mutation deletes a base in the genomic DNA discuss how that will affect the reading frame and expression product production.
Using the following list of codons describe, using diagrams etc., how information stored in
the DNA is translated into a peptide. Be sure to discuss all steps. In other words, use a diagram and give me sequences, transcription and translation steps. Show the sequences of the sense and the other DNA strand, the mRNA and the tRNA’s.
UUU -phenylalanine UCU -serine AUG –initiation/methionine
CUU -leucine ACU -threonine
GUU -valine UAA -Termination
Chapter 16 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 16 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 16 - Does each of the following types of gene...Ch. 16 - List five events other than transcription...Ch. 16 - Which eukaryotic RNA polymerase RNA pol I, pol II,...Ch. 16 - You have synthesized an enhancerless GFP reporter...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6PCh. 16 - Yeast genes have cis-acting elements upstream of...Ch. 16 - A single UASG regulates the expression of three...Ch. 16 - Prob. 9PCh. 16 - a. Assume that two transcription factors are...
Ch. 16 - a. You want to create a genetic construct that...Ch. 16 - In Problem 12, you identified a genomic region...Ch. 16 - Prob. 13PCh. 16 - Prob. 14PCh. 16 - Genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16PCh. 16 - Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by a mutation in...Ch. 16 - The human IGF-2R gene is autosomal and maternally...Ch. 16 - Follow the expression of a paternally imprinted...Ch. 16 - Reciprocal crosses were performed using two inbred...Ch. 16 - Interestingly, imprinting can be tissue-specific....Ch. 16 - Prob. 22PCh. 16 - a. How can a single eukaryotic gene give rise to...Ch. 16 - A hunchback gene, a gene necessary for proper...Ch. 16 - You know that the mRNA and protein produced by a...Ch. 16 - You are studying a transgenic mouse strain that...Ch. 16 - Prob. 27PCh. 16 - Scientists have exploited the siRNA pathway to...Ch. 16 - Researchers know that Fru-M controls male sexual...Ch. 16 - The Drosophila gene Sex lethal Sxl is deserving of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 31P
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- Here is a eukaryotic gene. The numbers given are base pairs of exon and intron. How long in bases will the pre mRNA transcript be? Explain briefly. What is the maximum number of amino acids that could make up the protein product from the final mRNA? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardImagine you are going to label a gene associated with apoptosis in Symbiodiniaceae with a Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP). To generate the YFP, you know the pre-MRNA looks as follows: Unspliced YFP premature mRNA Сap 5' UTR Exon 1 Intron Exon 2 Intron Exon 3 3' UTR Poly-A tail If Exon 2 is also required for mRNA stability, what can be predicted from the possible spliced alternative isoforms formed? One of the isoforms will not have a poly-A tail O The alternative splicing of YFP pre-MRNA prevents 5'-capping The MRNA isoform without Exon 2 will be degraded faster than the other isoform Exon 2 will be added to isoform B later to correct the mistake in splicing The protein translated from one of the mRNA isoforms will possess an additional functional domainarrow_forward1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Please EXCLUDE the use of CRISPR from consideration. A. Will you use germline or somatic cell gene therapy? Please NAME and DEFINE the form of gene therapy selected, then explain WHY this is the most appropriate choice.arrow_forward
- 1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Other scientists have suggested that it might be possible to use CRISPR to treat this genetic disorder in affected individuals. (i) First, what is CRISPR? (BRIEFLY describe what it is and how it works). (ii) Briefly describe how CRISPR could be utilized in treating genetic conditions such as Batten disease.arrow_forward1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). a) Hypothetically, what specific type of VECTOR will you use to perform your gene therapy? Please select from the following list of potential vectors: disabled retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), or herpes simplex virus (HSV), then give two reasons why this specific vector is the most appropriate for your gene therapy. Please explain why you were able to rule out the other potential…arrow_forwardIn a eukaryotic cell, four general types of RNA molecules are involved in gene expression. a) What are these four types of RNA? 2. b) Which is not involved in gene expression in prokaryotic cells? Why not?arrow_forward
- In humans, the average length of a gene on chromosome 7 is 69,000 base pairs, but the average MRNA length on chromosome 7 is only 2,500 base pairs. Chromosome 7 has 863 protein-coding genes, but many more than 863 proteins are made from the genes on chromosome 7. The observation that the length of the average gene on chromosome 7 is longer than the average mRNA length is explained by the process of while the observation that more proteins are produced from the genes on chromosome 7 than there are genes can be explained by the process of O heterogeneity; complementation splicing of introns; alternative splicing O chromatin remodeling; micro RNA binding acetylation; methylation alternative splicing; splicing of intronsarrow_forwardThe pre-mRNA transcript and protein made by several mutant genes were examined. The results are given below. Determine where in the gene a likely mutation lies: the promoter region, exon, intron, cap on mRNA, or ribosome binding site. a. normal-length transcript, normal-length nonfunctional protein b. normal-length transcript, no protein made c. normal-length transcript, normal-length mRNA, short nonfunctional protein d. normal-length transcript, longer mRNA, shorter nonfunctional protein e. transcript never madearrow_forwardGiven: eukaryotic cells can make different proteins, using only one gene. How can a eukaryotic cell make different final proteins from the same gene? Note: some of the answers are actually correct statements, but they don't have anything to do with this question. A.Eukaryotes have 3 RNA polymerases instead of just one. B.Eukaryotes cannot perform simultaneous transcription and translation. C.Eukaryotes splice RNA and can do so in various arrangements. D.Eukaryotes lack the Shine Delgarno sequence.arrow_forward
- 2a) Suppose you have a gene in which a single base substitution has created the nonsense mutation 5'TAA3' (which will be transcribed into 5'UAA3' in the mRNA - but recall that mutations are changes in the DNA sequence). Name all the amino acids that could have been coded for by the original, unmutated codon at that position in the gene.arrow_forward4) The fact that splicing is a strategy to optimize the use of the genome in eukaryotes is evidenced in C. elegans, which with 20,000 genes can synthesize more than 20,000 proteins. True or false 7) The mutation in the myostatin protein that results in mice with hypertrophied muscles results from a premature stop codon that results in a truncated (shorter than necessary) protein that loses its function of stopping cell division of muscle cells. What post-transcriptional quality control mechanisms fail here? (two apply) a) polyadenylation b) NMD c) splicing d) capping e) methylation 10) The nuclear transplant experiment results in: a) KO or knockout b) transgenic organisms c) RNAi (interference) d) animal cloningarrow_forwardConsider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides: 5’ – CUU AAA CCA GUU – 3’ a. What is the template DNA sequence that was used to synthesize this portion of mRNA? b. What is the amino acid order produced from this mRNA? c. Write the amino acid sequence if a mutation changes CUU to CAU. Is this likely to affect protein function?arrow_forward
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