Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19.5, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
According to Kimura’s proposal of neutral mutation, most mutations are selectively neutral that is mutant genes are almost functionally similar to wild type. So, these mutant alleles escape the scrutiny of natural selection and keep on accumulating in population. Darwinian evolution theory says that all species of organisms developed through the natural selection of inherited variations that increase the organism’s ability to survive in competition and reproduce.
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Students have asked these similar questions
In which of these examples can natural selection act on a trait and cause the population to evolve?
A population that is faced with extinction but has no genetic variation
A population where a lot of individuals have mutations, but none of the mutations relate to fitness
A population with no genetic variation, but where individuals have very high numbers of offspring
A population where a few individuals have mutations that allow them to develop traits for producing more offspring than other individuals
The offspring of better-adapted individuals are expected to make up a larger proportion of the next generation. Which mechanism of evolution best explains this event?
Group of answer choices
gene flow and genetic drift
mutations and genetic drift
mutations and nonrandom mating
mutations and natural selection
Which statement is accurate about natural selection?
It is a biological process that prevents species from adapting to significant changes in their environments.
It is a biological process that leads a population to have a widespread expression of an advantageous trait.
It is a biological process that allows a population to have a competitive advantage in many environments.
It is a biological process that causes certain traits to be expressed less with each subsequent generation.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.1 - The phrase an organism evolves is incorrect....Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.2 - Explain how geography played a key role in the...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.2 - Homologous traits show similarities because the...Ch. 19.3 - What is the frequency of pink flowers in a...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Lets suppose the climate on an island abruptly...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19.5 - How does the bottleneck effect undermine the...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - How does migration affect the genetic compositions...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.6 - Populations that experience inbreeding may also...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCh. 19 - An evolutionary change in which a population of...Ch. 19 - Homology occurs because different species occupy...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Prob. 8TYCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - The micro-evolutionary factor most sensitive to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 19 - A principle of biology is that populations of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population? a. natural selection and genetic drift b. mutation and gene flow c. natural selection and gene flow d. gene flow and genetic driftarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true of natural selection? (a) natural selection acts to preserve favorable traits and eliminate unfavorable traits (b) the offspring of individuals that are better adapted to the environment will make up a larger proportion of the next generation (c) natural selection directs the course of evolution by preserving the traits acquired during an individuals lifetime (d) natural selection acts on a populations genetic variability, which arises through mutation (e) natural selection may result in changes in allele frequencies in a populationarrow_forwardOf the ways that populations can evolve over time, is the only mechanism in which the environment selects for better adapted individuals whereas selects traits by random chance. genetic drift; natural selection natural selection; genetic drift genetic drift; gene flow gene flow; natural selectionarrow_forward
- A farmer uses DDT to kill insects in his field. The first year nearly all of the insects were killed. By the fourth year, however, nearly all of the insects survived the DDT treatment. Explain the process of natural selection in this population of insects. Include these words - mutation, phenotype, variation, resistance, adaptation, and differential survival.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a component of the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? Group of answer choices inheritance of acquired characteristics competition for food and space variation among species survival and reproductionarrow_forwardWhat is neutral evolution? A. Neutral evolution does not exist. B. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to natural selection (they are advantageous or disadvantageous). C. When certain genes are present or absent in populations regardless of selection (they are not advantageous or disadvantageous). D. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to sexual selection (they are selected for by the opposite sex).arrow_forward
- An allele with no effect on fitness arises in a population through mutation and increases in frequency due to genetic drift. This is an example of....? Group of answer choices neither evolution or natural selection both evolution and natural selection evolution only natural selection onlyarrow_forwardTheory of Evolution. Please answer all question that is just one sentence each question. PART 2 1. Why is it necessary for you to include the effects of natural selection in your biodiversity report? 2. How will species adaptation and populations affect your part of the study? 3. What predictions can you make with regards to the population, adaptation, and natural selection of your selected area? 4. What lead you to reach these predictions? 5. What methods will you use to determine and analyse the population and evidence of adaptation/natural selection?arrow_forwardConsider this example. On a tropical island, there are iguanas that are green, blue, and yellow. The green iguanas can camouflage in the green grass, the yellow iguanas can camouflage in the dry, yellow grass. And the blue iguanas try to run fast to get away from prey. Over time, the blue iguanas disappear on the island, while the green and yellow iguanas survive. What type of natural selection is this? A. Balancing or Stabilizing selection B. Disruptive or Diversifying selection C. Directional selection D. Sexual selectionarrow_forward
- In 1959 Daniel Yuh set up a long-term study of cataloging the blood types of a group of foragers in the Brazilian rainforest. In 1959 he found there were no individuals with blood type B. Three generations later, after this group had begun exchanging mating partners with another group, there were several members with blood type B. A-mutation B-natural selection C-gene flow D-genetic driftarrow_forwardAt the edge of the Arctic Circle, owls prey on field mice. Occasionally, in a litter of white field mice, a brown mouse appears. Because of greenhouse warming, the snow melts, changing the environment to shades of brown. What process causes the population to change colors? artificial selection natural selection migration behavioral isolationarrow_forwardThe domestication or breeding of animals to have as pets, livestock on farms, or for work purposes is a form of artificial selection. Charles Darwin used these practices to support his theory of species change by natural selection. How is artificial selection similar to natural selection? When animals with favorable traits are bred with animals with unfavorable traits, the offspring will have favorable traits, so breeders were changing species by removing certain traits. For artificial selection to work, only the strong survive to reproduce. By breeding animals with specific traits, breeders were able to produce a wide variety of breeds within a short period of time. Artificial selection involves breeding two different species and determining if a hybrid organism can be produced.arrow_forward
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