Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 22P
Consider the triangle diagram shown in Fig. 22.17.
| a. | What feature of the genome is likely to be located between the two LD blocks that allows scientists to visualize them as separate blocks? |
| b. | Even though the figure analyzes eight different SNPs, genotyping just two of these SNPs would allow you to predict the genotype of almost everyone in the population. Explain why this limited genotyping has predictive value. |
| c. | When researchers obtain the data that enables them to build triangle diagrams, do they typically genotype common SNPs or rare SNPs? Explain. |
| d. | Considering your answer to part (c), why are human population geneticists interested in obtaining complete whole-genome sequences, as opposed to genotyping only the small subset of predictive SNPs? |
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How might the Hardy Weinberg relationship be used to evaluate a new SNP genotyping technology using multiple individuals from a population? Group of answer choices
a)If genotypes match the reference genome, the technology is sound. Otherwise, the technology may have problems accurately calling SNPs.
b)If observed phenotypes follow Hardy Weinberg, the technology is sound. Otherwise, the technology may have problems accurately calling SNPs.
c)If genotypes and allele frequencies follow Hardy Weinberg, the technology is sound. Otherwise, the technology may have problems accurately calling SNPs.
d)None of the above
. Figure 18-14 presents haplotype data for the G6PD genein a worldwide sample of people.a. Draw a haplotype network for these haplotypes.Label the branches on which each SNP occurs.b. Which of the haplotypes has the most connectionsto other haplotypes?c. On what continents is this haplotype found?d. Counting the number of SNPs along the branchesof your network, how many differences are therebetween haplotypes 1 and 12?
You sample DNA from seven bighorn sheep from a population of 2,000 in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. You sequence 10,000 basepairs from an intron in a diploid coat color locus. You think the SNP mutation rate is somewhere around 10-3 per generation for the whole locus. How many SNPs do you expect to find?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 22 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 22 - Suppose you grew genetically identical dandelion...Ch. 22 - How can each of the following be used in...Ch. 22 - Two different groups of scientists studying a rare...Ch. 22 - Which of the following statements would be true of...Ch. 22 - Studies have indicated that for pairs of twins...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7PCh. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - Table 22.2 lists concordance values for MZ and DZ...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11PCh. 22 - Two alleles at one locus produce three distinct...Ch. 22 - In a certain plant, leaf size is determined by...Ch. 22 - Compare and contrast the use of SNP genotyping: i...Ch. 22 - Explain the similarities and differences between...Ch. 22 - In Fig. 22.14c, the fw2.2 causal gene was...Ch. 22 - Among the most prevalent pathologies that afflict...Ch. 22 - Human geneticists have found the Finnish...Ch. 22 - Canavan disease, caused by homozygosity for a...Ch. 22 - In GWAS analysis, because of the existence of LD...Ch. 22 - In Fig. 22.15: a. Why do some chromosomes in the...Ch. 22 - Consider the triangle diagram shown in Fig. 22.17....Ch. 22 - Prob. 23PCh. 22 - You conduct a Case/Control study comparing the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 25PCh. 22 - ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare, fatal...Ch. 22 - Through GWAS explorations, scientists have...Ch. 22 - In domesticated dogs, size has a high...Ch. 22 - Suppose a GWAS investigation found a particular LD...Ch. 22 - In 2008, Time magazine named as its invention of...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Recently, scientists have identified a mutation that is found at high frequency in Finnish populations, located in northern Europe where the winter is very cold. This mutation is believed to be a “cold sensitive” allele that warns people of extreme cold temperatures. Could this allele have undergone a “selective sweep”, if it had suddenly appeared in this northern population of humans? How would such a selective sweep be detected with genome data?arrow_forwardWhich parameters are important to include when designing a GWAS (genome-wide association study) to identify genes involved in Polycystic Kidney disease in individuals of Korean ancestry? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices a. Compare Korean individuals with the disease to unaffected Korean individuals b. Pursue SNPs only in exonic loci for further study c. Pursue SNPS only in genes related to kidney development for further study d. Set strong statistical thresholds to identify SNPs related to the disease state over the general variation observed in populations e. Compare Korean individuals with the disease to every available genome for a stronger statistical power.arrow_forwardPart 1: Describe the differences in SNP diversity and LD structure observed between African and non-african populations. Part 2: Explain why these differences are expected from the evolutionary history of modern humans. Part 3: How do these differences impact association studies in terms of SNP array design and identifying causal variants at significant loci?arrow_forward
- In a study of a muscle disorder, several affected families exhibited vision problems, muscle weakness, and deafness (M. Zeviani et al. 1990. American Journal of Human Genetics 47:904–914). Analysis of the mtDNA from affected members of these families revealed that large numbers of their mtDNA molecules possessed deletions of varying lengths. Different members of the same family and even different mitochondria from the same person possessed deletions of different sizes, so the underlying defect appeared to be a tendency for the mtDNA of affected persons to have deletions. A pedigree of one of the families studied is shown below. The researchers concluded that this disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and they mapped the diseasecausing gene to a position on chromosome 10 in the nucleus. Q. What characteristics of the pedigree rule out inheritance of a trait encoded by a gene in the mtDNA as the cause of this disorder?arrow_forwardIn a study of a muscle disorder, several affected families exhibited vision problems, muscle weakness, and deafness (M. Zeviani et al. 1990. American Journal of Human Genetics 47:904–914). Analysis of the mtDNA from affected members of these families revealed that large numbers of their mtDNA molecules possessed deletions of varying lengths. Different members of the same family and even different mitochondria from the same person possessed deletions of different sizes, so the underlying defect appeared to be a tendency for the mtDNA of affected persons to have deletions. A pedigree of one of the families studied is shown below. The researchers concluded that this disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and they mapped the diseasecausing gene to a position on chromosome 10 in the nucleus. Q. Explain how a mutation in a nuclear gene might lead to deletions in mtDNA.arrow_forwardTake a look at the α-globin and β-globin amino acid sequences. Which sequences are more similar, the α globin in humans and the α globin in horses, or the α globin in humans and the β globin in humans? Based on your answer, would you conclude that the gene duplication that gave rise to the α-globin and β-globin genes occurred before or after the divergence of humans and horses? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- If you had the ability to do gene editing with ONE gene for the betterment of human kind, which one would you choose, and why? Assume you could either change an abnormal allele associated with a disease, such as the cystin gene associated with Cystic Fibrosis to its normal wild type, or add a pre-existing human allele to a genome.arrow_forwardGiven our knowledge of genome sizes in different organisms, would you predict that Homo sapiens or the two-toed salamander (Amphiuma means) has the larger genome?arrow_forwardwhich of the following statements about genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is correct? A) involves scanning the genomes of thousands of unrelated individuals with a particular mutation and comparing them with the genomes of individuals who do not have the mutation. B) involves scanning the genomes of thousands of unrelated individuals with a particular disease and comparing them with the genomes of individuals who do not have the disease C) attempt to identify genes that influence mutation risk D) attempt to identify genes that influence disease risk E) involves scanning the genomes of thousands of unrelated individuals with a particular disease and comparing them with the genomes of individuals who do not have the disease and GWAS attempt to identify genes that influence disease riskarrow_forward
- Figure 19-18a shows a plot of P values (represented bythe dots) along the chromosomes of the dog genome.Each P value is the result of a statistical test of association between a SNP and body size. Other than the clusterof small P values near IGF1, do you see any chromosomalregions with evidence for a significant association between a SNP and body size? Explainarrow_forwardGenome comparisons have suggested that mouse DNA has mutated about twice as fast as human DNA. What is a possible explanation for this discrepancy? a. Mice are much smaller than humans. b. Mice live in much less sanitary conditions than humans and are therefore exposed to a wider range of mutation-causing substances. c. Mice have a smaller genome size. d. Mice have a much shorter generation time.arrow_forwardIt has been hypothesized that population size affects genome size. What is the proposed relationship? How can it be explained?arrow_forward
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