Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 22, Problem 27P

Through GWAS explorations, scientists have identified several SNPs linked to obesity in people who live in the United States. One of these SNPs was within a gene called FTO. Interestingly, a common FTO variant is associated with obesity, but only in people born after 1945. Moreover, the later the birth year, the higher the risk for obesity associated with this variant of FTO. Why would a genetic risk factor for obesity vary by birth year?

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Comparisons between human and chimpanzee genomes indicate that a gene that may function as a wild-type or normal gene in one primate may function as a disease-causing gene in another [The Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium (2005). Nature 437:69–87]. For instance, the PPARG locus (regulator of adipocyte differentiation) is a wild-type allele in chimps but is clearly associated with Type 2 diabetes in humans. What factors might cause this apparent contradiction? Would you consider such apparent contradictions to be rare or common? What impact might such findings have on the use of comparative genomics to identify and design therapies for disease-causing genes in humans?
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Genetics: From Genes to Genomes

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