Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 4, Problem 16RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The amount of energy released is different when different molecules are hydrolyzed. The amount of energy released depends on the type and number of bonds cleaved. For molecules like adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), and phosphocreatine, the amount of energy released depends on the phosphodiester bonds cleaved.
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Which of the following statements concerning ATP is true? a. The free energy value for the hydrolysis of ATP is nearly the same for ADP. b. The free energy value for the hydrolysis of ATP is greater than that for ADP. c. ATP hydrolysis is more likely at pH 5 than at pH 7. d. One mole of glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate can phosphorylate one mole of AMP to yield ATP.
Suggest a name for the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. a. transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glycerol b. addition of water to fumarate c. isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
Regarding phosphofructokinase, which of the following statements is true:
a.
Low [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits.
b.
High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits.
c.
The enzyme is more active at low [ATP] than at high, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates the enzyme.
d.
High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1QCh. 4 - Prob. 2QCh. 4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4 - Prob. 7RQCh. 4 - Prob. 8RQ
Ch. 4 - Prob. 9RQCh. 4 - Prob. 10RQCh. 4 - Prob. 11RQCh. 4 - Prob. 12RQCh. 4 - Prob. 13RQCh. 4 - Prob. 14RQCh. 4 - Prob. 15RQCh. 4 - Prob. 16RQCh. 4 - Prob. 17RQCh. 4 - Prob. 18RQCh. 4 - Prob. 19RQCh. 4 - Prob. 20RQCh. 4 - Prob. 21RQCh. 4 - Prob. 22RQCh. 4 - Prob. 23RQCh. 4 - Prob. 24RQCh. 4 - Prob. 25RQCh. 4 - Prob. 26RQCh. 4 - Prob. 27RQCh. 4 - Prob. 28RQCh. 4 - Prob. 29RQCh. 4 - Prob. 30FBCh. 4 - Prob. 31FBCh. 4 - Prob. 32FBCh. 4 - Prob. 33FBCh. 4 - Prob. 34FBCh. 4 - Prob. 35FBCh. 4 - Prob. 36FBCh. 4 - Prob. 37FBCh. 4 - Prob. 38FBCh. 4 - Prob. 39FBCh. 4 - Prob. 40SACh. 4 - Prob. 41SACh. 4 - Prob. 42SACh. 4 - Prob. 43SACh. 4 - Prob. 44SACh. 4 - Prob. 45TQCh. 4 - Prob. 46TQCh. 4 - Prob. 47TQCh. 4 - Prob. 48TQCh. 4 - Prob. 49TQCh. 4 - Prob. 50TQCh. 4 - Prob. 51TQCh. 4 - Prob. 52TQCh. 4 - Prob. 53TQCh. 4 - Prob. 54TQCh. 4 - Prob. 55TQCh. 4 - Prob. 56TQCh. 4 - Prob. 57TQCh. 4 - Prob. 58TQCh. 4 - Prob. 59TQCh. 4 - Prob. 60TQCh. 4 - Prob. 61TQCh. 4 - Prob. 62TQ
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- The conversion of substance X to substance Y is an endergonic reaction, but it can be driven if coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. Write simple equations illustrating how that can occur.arrow_forwardGlycolysis is the process by which energy is harvested from glucose by living things. Several of the reactions of glycolysis are thermodynamically unfavorable, nonspontaneous, but proceed when they are coupled with other reactions. A. P; + glucose → glucose-6-phosphate + H₂O AG = 3.30 kcal/mol B. P; + fructose-6-phosphate - fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + H₂O C. ATP + H₂O → ADP + P₁ Which of the reactions are unfavorable? A B с AG = -7.30 kcal/mol Which of the reactions can be coupled so that the overall reaction is favorable? A and B A and C B and C Incorrect AG = 3.90 kcal/molarrow_forwardThe enzyme glutamine synthetase catalyzes the following reaction: glutamate + ATP + NH3 → glutamine + ADP + phosphate Which of the following statements about this reaction is correct? a. The reaction is endergonic whether or not enzyme is added b. The reaction is only endergonic if enzyme is added c. The reaction is only exergonic if enzyme is added d. The rate of oxygen production will be unaffected e. The reaction is exergonic whether or not enzyme is addedarrow_forward
- Glycolysis is the process by which energy is harvested from glucose by living things. Several of the reactions of glycolysis are thermodynamically unfavorable, nonspontaneous, but proceed when they are coupled with other reactions. A. P; + glucose → glucose-6-phosphate + H₂O AG = 3.30 kcal/mol B. P. + fructose-6-phosphate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + H₂O C. ATP + H₂O → ADP + P₁ AG = -7.30 kcal/mol Which of the reactions are unfavorable? A Which of the reactions can be coupled so that the overall reaction is favorable? A and B A and C B and C AG = 3.90 kcal/mol What is the net change in free energy if one set of reactions from the previous question is coupled so that the overall reaction is favorable? If you selected more than one pair of reactions in the previous question, enter the net change for any one of your selected sets. AG= kcal/molarrow_forwardThe enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase promotes which of the following? a. the hydrolysis of 3-phosphoglycerate b. the isomerization of 3-phosphoglycerate c. the oxidation of 3-phosphoglycerate d. the reduction of 3-phosphoglyceratearrow_forwardThe conversion of citrate to isocitrate is catalyzed by an enzyme classified as a(n): a. Hydrolase b. Oxidoreductase OC. Isomerase Od. Transferasearrow_forward
- Which one of the following buffers the concentration of ATP? Select one: a. Glycolysis b. Acidosis O c. Phosphocreatine O d. Oxidative phosphorylation e. Acetyl coenzyme Aarrow_forwardThe plant toxin fluoroacetate (F-CH2COO−) is easily converted to fluorocitrate when an animal ingests the plant. The enzyme aconitase has a high affinity for the 2-fluorocitrate molecule. Consider the purpose of this enzyme and speculate as to why the reaction to produce isocitrate does not occur as planned. Why is fluoroacetate considered a poison? [Hint: Fluorine is more electronegative than oxygen.]arrow_forwardThe enzyme glutamine synthetase catalyzes the following reaction: glutamate + ATP + NH3 → glutamine + ADP + phosphate Which of the following statements about this reaction is correct? he reaction is only exergonic if enzyme is added b. The reaction is endergonic whether or not enzyme is added c. The reaction is exergonic whether or not enzyme is added d. The rate of oxygen production will be unaffected e. The reaction is only endergonic if enzyme is addedarrow_forward
- Potassium nitrate is widely used in industries. The reaction for the industrial production of KNO3 is summarized in the equation below; 4KCl + 4 HNO3 + O2 → 4 KNO3 + 2 Cl2 + 2 H2O Which of the following statements below is correct about the production of KNO3? a. A redox reaction; KCl is a reducing agent and O2 is an oxidizing agent b. A redox reaction; HNO3 is a reducing agent and Cl is an oxidizing agent c. Not a redox reaction d. A redox reaction; KCl is a reducing agent and KNO3 is an oxidizing agent e. A redox reaction; HNO3 is a reducing agent and KNO3 is an oxidizing agentarrow_forwardDetermine the direction that each of the reactions will progress. Assume that the reactants and products are present in equimolar amounts. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP is - 30.5 kJ/mol. fructose + ATP fructose 6-phosphate + ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for fructose 6-phosphate is -15.9 kJ/mol. 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is -49.3 kJ/mol. creatine + ATP creatine phosphate + ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for creatine phosphate is -43.0 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardYou are testing the effects of different molecules on respiration using isolated liver cells that are growing on glucose. For each of the compounds listed below, indicate whether the compound will increase or decrease respiration (measured by monitoring oxygen consumption), and provide reasoning for your answer in two sentences at most. Consider only the early time after the compound begins to exert its effects. a. An inhibitor of the FoF1 ATPase b. A proton channel that enables protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane by facilitated diffusion c. An inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I of the electron transport chain)arrow_forward
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