Concept explainers
Interpretation: Conjugate acid and conjugate base in each column of below table should be determined.
Concept introduction: According to the Bronsted-Lowry concept, a substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called a base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by the addition of protons to base.
Conjugate acid of base is produced when hydrogen
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Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- Draw the structure of the conjugate base of water. (Note that it does not appear in Figure 4.11).arrow_forwardConsider the following bases: a. For each base above, circle the atom/atoms with the highest PE (will release the most P.E.when a lone pair on this atom combines with an H+ ) b. Rank the bases 1 (highest P.E./strongest base) to 7 (lowest PE/weakest base), and explainyour reasoning.arrow_forwardFor each molecule below, draw the conjugate acid or conjugate base or both if the molecule hasboth a conjugate acid and a conjugate base (e.g., water).arrow_forward
- The following are equivalent ways of asking about the acidity of an H atom: • What is the most acidic H on the molecule? • Which H is associated with the published pKa value? • Which H on the molecule is easiest to remove? • Which H on the molecule takes the least energy to remove? • Which bond to an H is most polarized? • For which H atom is removal least uphill in energy? • Which bond to an H atom, when broken, results in the lowest PE conjugate base? We will often find the last of these questions is easiest to answer. To do this, find all the different Hatoms on the molecule, and draw all possible conjugate bases.Only the lowest-energy one is the “real” conjugate base. Identify this structure, and you have found the most acidic H. Use this strategy to find the most acidic H on each of the following molecules. Note: Each structure hasat least three different kinds of H’s, so draw at least three unique conjugate bases for each.arrow_forwardPlease draw the conjugate base for each below as indicated in the picture below and offer a detailed explanation. Thank you so much.arrow_forwardHello, can you please help with the most basic to acidic? Thank Youarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning