Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation: Molecule that makes the weakest intermolecular attachments to neighboring molecules should be determined.
Concept introduction: Intermolecular forces are types of forces that are responsible to hold atoms together in a molecule.
There are various types of intermolecular forces as follows:
1. Hydrogen bonding:
As is evident from its name, these types of forces exist if hydrogen is present. Such forces are present when hydrogen atom bonds with highly electronegative elements like N, O, F. It is of two types: intramolecular and intermolecular.
2. Ion-dipole forces:
This force exists between ion and molecules with dipole moment in them. Attraction exists between ion and oppositely charged end of the dipole.
3. Ion-induced dipole forces:
When an ion approaches a non-polar molecule, it induces a temporary dipole in it. Ion gets attracted to the oppositely charged part of the dipole induced in the molecule.
4. Induced dipole-induced dipole attraction:
These forces are also known as London dispersion forces or van der Waals forces. Such forces are present between various atoms and molecules. These are observed generally in non-polar molecules, halogens and noble gases.
b)
Interpretation: Whether dipole moment trends with boiling points for propanal
Concept introduction: Dipole moment is the measure of bond polarity in the molecule. It is defined as the product of charge and distance of separation between opposite charges. Polar molecules consist of dipole moments due to the presence of charges in them whereas non-polar molecules do not have dipole moments. Boiling is used to define when a substance gets converted from its liquid to the vapor phase at the boiling point. The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to atmospheric pressure is called the boiling point.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- ALL ONE QUESTION THANKS Make a line and 3d model of each molecule below A.) What type of bonds are in each molecule B.) which bonds allow rotationarrow_forwardIn this chapter, we did not discuss the interaction that is primarily responsible for the attraction that exists between ananion like CH3O- and a nonpolar molecule like Br2.(a) What name would be ascribed to the strongest interaction that exists between those two species?(b) For which pair of species would you expect that type of attractive interaction to be stronger: between CH3O- and Br2or between CH3O- and I2? Why?arrow_forwardUnder certain conditions, molecules of acetic acid, CH3COOH, form dimers, pairs of acetic acid molecules held together by strong intermolecular attractions: Draw a dimer of acetic acid, showing how two CH3COOH molecules are held together, and stating the type of ¡MF that is responsible.arrow_forward
- Please answer for compound 2,3,4arrow_forwardLabel the equivalent hydrogens using a, b, c, etc. for the structure below.arrow_forwardfor part b)why do we write AlCl3 at top of the arrow and AlCl4 at the bottom of arrow??is it any connection between the two?does it means that AlCl 4 need to be present in order to make AlCl3 reacts to the molecule and make the reaction to process?? 2. why when AlCl3 added,Cl was removed from the ring?what princeiple theory is that ? 2. when SO3 is added ,SO3 attached to the ring,why ?what principle is behind this phenamonane 3.Just confused about why AlCl3 removes Cl from the ring,while HSO3 donate SO3 to the ring. Is it Something about nucleohilic or eletrciohillic?arrow_forward
- Find the stereocenter and encircle the four groups bonded to it.arrow_forwarda). ) Write the chemical formula for each compound. b) Order the compounds from lowest to highest boiling point and explain your reasoning in great detail. Use the concept of London dispersion forces to rationalize your answer clearly explaining what such forces are. c) Of the atoms contained in the molecules above, order them in sequence from least to most polarizable and clearly explain your reasoning. d) Which molecule do you think is the most viscous and why? e) In the presence of acetic acid, which molecules above have the potential to engage in hydrogen bonding and why?arrow_forwardDraw an exact 3-D representation of the molecule from the model. please answer all question step by step. Answer follow image: Please must mention: valency electron, molecular geometry handwritten answerarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax