Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation: Percentage of
Concept introduction: Covalent bonds exist in molecules when electrons are shared between bonded atoms. These bonds are result of overlap between two or more atoms. Such bonds are also called molecular bonds.
b)
Interpretation: Percentage of intermolecular forces that were broken is to be determined.
Concept introduction: Intermolecular forces are types of forces that are responsible to hold atoms together in a molecule. There are various types of intermolecular forces as follows:
1. Hydrogen bonding:
As is evident from its name, these types of forces exist if hydrogen is present. Such forces are present when hydrogen atom bonds with highly electronegative elements like
2. Ion-dipole forces:
This force exists between ion and molecules with dipole moment in them. Attraction exists between ion and oppositely charged end of the dipole.
3. Ion-induced dipole forces:
When an ion approaches a non-polar molecule, it induces a temporary dipole in it. Ion gets attracted to the oppositely charged part of the dipole induced in the molecule.
4. Induced dipole-induced dipole attraction:
These forces are also known as London dispersion forces or van der Waals forces. Such forces are present between various atoms and molecules. These are observed generally in non-polar molecules, halogens, and noble gases.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- (E) What suffix do all the names in Model 1 have in common with each other?arrow_forwardHey, Can you please help me to solve this problem?arrow_forwardHow does pentane’s boiling point compare with the boiling points of the alcohol and the aldehyde in Model 1? Can molecular weight differences account for the observed differences in boiling points? Propose an explanation for the observed differences in boiling points. Compare the boiling points of the ketone and carboxylic acid. Propose an explanation for the observed differences in boiling points. Why do carboxylic acids have the highest boiling point, even higher than alcohols? explain this observation.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning