Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 15P
So-called two-way mutagens can induce both a particular mutation and (when added subsequently to cells whose chromosomes carry this mutation) a reversion of the mutation that restores the original DNA sequence. In contrast, one-way mutagens can induce mutations but not exact reversions of these mutations.
Based on Fig. 7.14, which of the following mutagens can be classified as one-way and which as two-way?
a. | 5-bromouracil |
b. | hydroxylamine |
c. | ethylmethane sulfonate |
d. | nitrous acid |
e. | proflavin |
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a. Why is it impossible to induce nonsense mutations(represented at the mRNA level by the triplets UAG,UAA, and UGA) by treating wild-type strains with mutagens that cause only A• G → T• C transitions in DNA?b. Hydroxylamine (HA) causes only G• C → A• T transitions in DNA. Will HA produce nonsense mutations inwild-type strains?c. Will HA treatment revert nonsense mutations?
Geneticists often use ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) to induce mutations in Drosophila. Why is EMS a mutagen of choice for genetic research? What would be the effects of EMS in a strain of Drosophila lacking functional mismatch repair systems?
A certain compound that is an analog of the base cytosinecan become incorporated into DNA. It normally hydrogen bonds just as cytosine does, but it quite often isomerizes to a form that hydrogen bonds as thymine does. Doyou expect this compound to be mutagenic, and, if so,what types of changes might it induce at the DNA level?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 7 - The following is a list of mutational changes. For...Ch. 7 - What explanations can account for the following...Ch. 7 - The DNA sequence of one strand of a gene from...Ch. 7 - Among mammals, measurements of the rate of...Ch. 7 - Over a period of several years, a large hospital...Ch. 7 - Suppose you wanted to study genes controlling the...Ch. 7 - In a genetics lab, Kim and Maria infected a sample...Ch. 7 - The results of the fluctuation test Fig. 7.5 were...Ch. 7 - The following pedigree shows the inheritance of a...Ch. 7 - Autism is a neurological disorder thought to be...
Ch. 7 - Like the yellow Labrador retrievers featured in...Ch. 7 - Remember that Balancer chromosomes prevent the...Ch. 7 - Figure 7.14 shows examples of base substitutions...Ch. 7 - Figure 7.14a shows the mutagen 5-bromouracil 5-BU,...Ch. 7 - So-called two-way mutagens can induce both a...Ch. 7 - In 1967, J. B. Jenkins treated wild-type male...Ch. 7 - When a particular mutagen identified by the Ames...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18PCh. 7 - The Ames test uses the reversion rate His- to His...Ch. 7 - The mutant FMR-1 allele that causes fragile X...Ch. 7 - The physicist Stephen Hawking, famous for his...Ch. 7 - Aflatoxin B1 is a highly mutagenic and...Ch. 7 - In human DNA, 70 of cytosine residues that are...Ch. 7 - Bromodeoxyuridine BrdU is a synthetic nucleoside...Ch. 7 - Albinism in animals is caused by recessive...Ch. 7 - a. In Figure 7.22b, what can you say about the...Ch. 7 - Imagine that you caught a female albino mouse in...Ch. 7 - Plant breeders studying genes influencing leaf...Ch. 7 - In humans, albinism is normally inherited in an...Ch. 7 - a. Seymour Benzers fine structure analysis of the...Ch. 7 - a. You have a test tube containing 5 ml of a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 32PCh. 7 - The rosy ry gene of Drosophila encodes an enzyme...Ch. 7 - Nine rII- mutants of bacteriophage T4 were used in...Ch. 7 - In a haploid yeast strain, eight recessive...Ch. 7 - In Problem 24, you learned that Bloom syndrome is...Ch. 7 - The pathway for arginine biosynthesis in...Ch. 7 - In corn snakes, the wild-type color is brown. One...Ch. 7 - In a certain species of flowering plants with a...Ch. 7 - The intermediates A, B, C, D, E, and F all occur...Ch. 7 - In each of the following cross schemes, two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 42PCh. 7 - The following complementing E. coli mutants were...Ch. 7 - In 1952, an article in the British Medical Journal...Ch. 7 - Mutations in an autosomal gene in humans cause a...Ch. 7 - Antibodies were made that recognize six proteins...Ch. 7 - Prob. 47PCh. 7 - Prob. 48PCh. 7 - In addition to the predominant adult hemoglobin,...Ch. 7 - Most mammals, including New World primates such as...Ch. 7 - Humans are normally trichromats; we have three...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Some mutations affect changes in protein structure and function that can result in disease whereas other mutations have no significant effects on protein structure and function. Please explain reasons for the above mentioned statement. Human civilization has resulted in a large number of potentially mutagenic chemicals (e.g. pesticides) and has changed the environment to increase the likelihood of encountering other mutagens, especially UV radiation. What roles should the authorities play in identifying mutagens and regulating their release into the environment?arrow_forwardTwo types of mutations discussed in this chapter are (1) nucleotide changes and (2) unstable genome regions that undergo dynamic changes. Describe each type of mutation.arrow_forwardDescribe the three general groups of chemical mutagens.arrow_forward
- As we described in class, in the early 1960's Francis Crick and colleagues set out to determine how many nucleotide bases make up a codon, before it was possible to sequence DNA and before Nirenberg and his colleagues solved the genetic code. To do this, they used a chemical mutagen that they knew made single nucleotide changes, used this mutagen to conduct a screen for mutations that disrupted a particular gene, and collected a number of different mutations in this gene. Briefly describe the logic they used to deduce that the codon length is 3 nucleotides long.arrow_forwardIn the treatment of cancer, the basis for many types of chemotherapyand radiation therapy is that mutagens are more effective at killingdividing cells than nondividing cells. Explain why. What are possibleharmful side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy?arrow_forwardYou are interested in studying resistance to heavy metals and have selected the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisea to conduct your studies. You have recovered a deletion mutant that does not tolerate high concentrations of zinc (grows poorly in zinc containing media ) and have designated the mutant pgz-1 (for poor growth in zinc ). (a) What is the advantage to the type of mutant used in this work? What class of mutagen was likely use to generate pgz-1? ( b) Do you expect the PGZ gene to be expressed in your mutant? Explain.arrow_forward
- How does a mutagen induce mutation ?explain with examples?arrow_forwardSome mutations affect changes in protein structure and function that can result in disease whereas other mutations have no significant effects on protein structure and function. - Please explain reasons for the above-mentioned statement. - Human civilization has resulted in a large number of potentially mutagenic chemicals (e.g. pesticides) and has changed the environment to increase the likelihood of encountering other mutagens, especially UV radiation. What roles should the authorities play in identifying mutagens and regulating their release into the environment? Please discuss the subject in detail.arrow_forwardWhich of the following examples is likely to be caused by asomatic mutation?A. A purple flower has a small patch of white tissue.B. One child, in a family of seven, is an albino.C. One apple tree, in a very large orchard, produces its apples 2weeks earlier than any of the other trees.D. A 60-year-old smoker develops lung cancer.arrow_forward
- In the replica plate experiment, it shows that mutations are random. However, certain environmental stresses (such as high temperature, high salt, and low pH) can increase the mutation rate. QUESTIONS: Does this indicate that mutations are nonrandom, since they increase in response to cell stressors?arrow_forwardWhat is the long term and short term effects of mutation on coding and non-coding DNA, the amount of transposable elements and birth and death of genes? And how does it exert the effect?arrow_forwardFill the Table with mutagenic agents and provide their type (physical, chemical, biological) and their classification based on their effect (teratogenic, carcinogenic, clastogenic, or non-specific), together with their modes of action. Mutagen Type of Mutagen Classification based on effect Action Cobalt Nickel Methylhydrazine Temozolomide Ethyl ethane sulfatearrow_forward
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