Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The appropriate curved arrows and the products for each set of reactants undergoing the coordination step are to be drawn. Lewis acid and Lewis base from the given reactants is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
In a coordination step, a curved arrow is drawn to show the flow of electrons from an electron-rich site to an electron-poor site to form a bond.
Since Lewis acid has an incomplete octet, it accepts the electron pair from a Lewis base, which is an electron rich species. Lewis base has an atom with partial or full negative charge and a lone pair of electrons.
(b)
Interpretation:
The Curved arrow notation for heterolysis step to regenerate the reactant is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
In a heterolysis step, the bond to the substrate is broken and the bonding electrons become a lone pair on the leaving group.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SMARTWORK5 - ACCESS
- Each of the three molecules shown here contains an OHgroup, but one molecule acts as a base, one as an acid, andthe third is neither acid nor base. (a) Which one acts as abase? (b) Which one acts as an acid? (c) Which one is neitheracidic nor basicarrow_forward2. The following pair of compounds can undergo an acid/base reaction. a) Identify the base and the acid b) Draw the products of the reaction and a mechanism for the proton transfer. c) Based on qualitative concepts, is this reaction favored? Explain. Siarrow_forwardDraw the mechanism if it involves general-base catalysis.arrow_forward
- 2)Rank the following in order of basicity and explain your choices.arrow_forwardDraw the mechanism for the proton transfer step. Explain why the products of this step are favored over the reactants.arrow_forwardDraw the curved arrows and the products formed in the acid-base reaction of HBr and NH3. Determine the direction of equilibrium. Step 1: What happens in an acid-base reaction? Step 2: Draw the products of the acid-base reaction. Step 3: Draw the curved arrow mechanism of the acid-base reaction. Step 4: Determine the direction of equilibrium. Step 3: Draw the curved arrow mechanism of the acid-base reaction. So far, we have determined the products of the reaction. H H H-Br: A :Br: H-N-H H Next, lets approach drawing the curved arrow mechanism. A curved arrow mechanism represents electron movements and keeps track of bond forming and bond breaking reactions between compounds. Curved arrows must start from an electron source, either a non-bonding electron or bond and point towards an atom or bond. Where will the curved arrow in the mechanism start? the lone pair on bromine the H-Br bond the N-H bond the lone pair on the nitrogenarrow_forward
- Draw the structure of each conjugate base, and indicate which is more stable. Provide a brief explanation to support your choice.arrow_forwardExplain why the reaction in Problem 18.48 proceeds dramatically more slowly under neutral conditions than under either acidic or basic conditions.arrow_forwardDraw the mechanism arrows for the reaction between an acid chloride and an alcohol.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning