Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The electron-rich sites and electron-poor sites in the given elementary steps are to be identified.
Concept introduction:
An atom with partial or full negative charge is an electron-rich site whereas an atom with partial or full positive charge is an electron-poor site. In an elementary step, electrons tend to flow from an electron-rich site to an electron-poor site.
(b)
Interpretation:
In each of the given elementary steps, the appropriate curved arrows are to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The curved arrow can be drawn from an electron-rich site to an electron-poor site to show the flow of electrons from the electron-rich site to the electron-poor site. The first curved arrow is drawn from the lone pair of the negatively charged atom of the electron-rich site to the less electronegative atom of the electron-poor site. The second curved arrow is drawn from the region between the less electronegative atom and more electronegative atom towards the more electronegative atom, indicating the breaking of the bond.
(c)
Interpretation:
The names of each elementary step are to be identified.
Concept introduction:
In the bimolecular substitution reaction
In nucleophilic addition step, the nucleophile adds to the polar
In the nucleophilic elimination step, the more electronegative atom bears full negative charge or partial negative charge. This electronegative atom forms a
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Chapter 7 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SMARTWORK5 - ACCESS
- 3 The following is an example of a Fischer esterification reaction, which is discussed in Chapter 21. The mechanism consists of the six elementary steps shown. For each step (i–vi), (a) identify all electron-rich sites and all electron-poor sites, (b) draw in the appropriate curved arrows to show the bond formation and bond breaking that occur, and (c) namethe elementary step.arrow_forwardExplain the two elementary steps, coordination and heterolysis. Provide an acid/base reaction that includes both steps.arrow_forwardDetermine the mechanism and product for the following reaction by adding atoms, bonds, nonbonding electron pairs, and curved arrows. Acid and water are added in the second step.arrow_forward
- Shown here is an example of an electrophilic (i) CI aromatic substitution reaction, which we examine in Chapter 22. The mechanism consists of the four elementary steps shown. For each step (i–iv), (a) identify all electron-rich sites and all electron-poor sites, (b) draw in the appropriate curved arrows to show the bond formation and bond breaking that occur, and (c) name the elementary step. CI-CI + Fe CI (ii) CI CI (iii) CI (iv) CI CI + H,O H00arrow_forwardI am unsure about how to draw out all the steps for this synthesis reaction.arrow_forwardHow might nucleophilic catalysis work?Draw out a possible mechanism.arrow_forward
- Two possible proton transfer reactions can take place ОН + → ? between the reactants shown here. (a) Write the products of each possible proton transfer reaction. (b) Determine which reaction is more energetically favorable.arrow_forwardMany primary amines, RNH2, where R is a carboncontainingfragment such as CH3, CH3CH2, and so on,undergo reactions where the transition state is tetrahedral.(a) Draw a hybrid orbital picture to visualize thebonding at the nitrogen in a primary amine (just use a Catom for “R”). (b) What kind of reactant with a primaryamine can produce a tetrahedral intermediate?arrow_forwardYour answer is incorrect. Predict the relative rates of these reactions. That is, select 1 next to the reaction with the fastest rate, 2 next to the reaction with the next fastest rate, and so on. Note for advanced students: you may assume these reactions all take place in a polar aprotic solvent, like DMSO. Incorrect Your answer is incorrect. Predict the relative rates of these reactions. That is, select I next to the reaction with the fastest rate, 2 next to the reaction with the next fastest rate, and so on. Note for advanced students: you may assume these reactions all take place in a polar aprotic solvent, like DMSO. Reaction Relative Rate G + H₂O - OH₂ 2 Br + H₂S - + Br 3 + H₂S SHI + ci I (fastest) Br + H₂O OM₂ + Br 4 (slowest)arrow_forward
- For the reaction below identify the reactant electrophile and the nucleophile.arrow_forwardPredict the relative rates of these reactions. That is, select 1 next to the reaction with the fastest rate, 2 next to the reaction with the next fastest rate, and so on. Note for advanced students: you may assume these reactions all take place in a polar aprotic solvent, like DMSO. ( Choose one) Predict the relative rates of these reactions. That is, select 1 next to the reaction with the fastest rate, 2 next to the reaction with the next fastest rate, and so on. Note for advanced students: you may assume these reactions all take place in a polar aprotic solvent, like DMSO. u + H₂O Reaction - OH₂ Relative Rate (Choose one) OH₂ (Choose one) ▼ +CI ... + H₂O OH + OH + I (Choose one) (Choose one) ▼ + H₂S + CIarrow_forwardHow does the mechanism of this reaction work?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780078021558/9780078021558_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079373/9781305079373_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781118431221/9781118431221_smallCoverImage.gif)